中考复习策略11

　　中考复习策略11

　　 三、 常见习惯用语

　　 ?

　　 (一) 知识概要 ?

　　 由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful? 这时的答语应该是 Thank you? 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good? 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you? 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??

　　 (二) 正误辨析 ?

　　 [误] - What can I do for you??

　　 - Yes, please help me? ?

　　 [正] - What can I do for you??

　　 - I'd like to buy a sweater? ?

　　 [析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?

　　 [误] - Which colour do you like??

　　 - Sorry, I don't like? ?

　　 [正] - Which colour do you like??

　　 - I prefer blue? ?

　　 [析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it??

　　 [误] Do you like to come with us tonight? ?

　　 [正] Would you like to come with us tonight? ?

　　 [析] Do you like 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:?

　　 Shall we go? 我们走吧!?

　　 Let's go? 让我们走吧!?

　　 How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??

　　 What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??

　　 Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢??

　　 其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure??

　　 [误] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??

　　 Not at all? ?

　　 [正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??

　　 Never mind? ?

　　 [析] 介意不介意这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:?

　　 - Do you mind my smoking here??- _________ ?

　　 A. Yes, do it please??

　　 B. No, of course not??

　　 C. Yes, take it please??

　　 D. No, you can't take it??

　　 这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:

　　 Do you mind if I open the door??

　　 Would you mind mailing the letter for me??

　　 其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all?

　　 而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 I'm sorry??

　　 [误] What's that man??

　　 He is Mike? ?

　　 [正] What's that man??

　　 He is a teacher? ?

　　 [正] Who's that man??

　　 He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?

　　 [析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。?

　　 [误] - How much are they??

　　 - Half a kilo, please? ?

　　 [正] - How many bananas do you want??

　　 - Half a kilo? Please? ?

　　 [析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。?

　　 [误] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? ?

　　 [正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? ?

　　 [析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?

　　 [误] - Have a good time tonight!?

　　 - You are the same? ?

　　 [正] - Have a good time tonight!?

　　 - The same to you? ?

　　 [析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。?

　　 [误] - What's the problem??

　　 - I've got a headache? ?

　　 [正] What's wrong with you??

　　 I've got a headache? ?

　　 [析] What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?

　　 [误] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??

　　 - Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?

　　 [正] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??

　　 - I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?

　　 [析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有:?

　　 I'm afraid that you are right??

　　 其后直接加宾语从句。?

　　 - Will you come to my birthday party??

　　 - I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??

　　 其后+not,表示否定。?

　　 - Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog??

　　 其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。?

　　 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??

　　 其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。?

　　 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??

　　 其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?

　　 [误] - How soon will you be ready??

　　 - Two days? ?

　　 [正] - How soon will you be ready??

　　 - In two days? ?

　　 [析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是还有多久才能作完,这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。?

　　 [误] - Would you mind if I have some time off??

　　 - I don't mind??

　　 - Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?

　　 [正] - Would you mind if I have some time off??

　　 - When exactly??

　　 - Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?

　　 [析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?

　　 [误] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Who are you? ?

　　 [正] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking? ?

　　 [析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问Who's that(speaking)?但不要讲Who are you?如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲This is speaking而不要讲I'm 也不要讲My name is . 就语法而论,Who are you? I'm ?My name is ?并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。?

　　 [误] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??

　　 - I don't hope so? ?

　　 [正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??

　　 - I hope not? ?

　　 [析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 则为:我想可能不会发生吧!?

　　 [误] - Is anybody there??

　　 - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?

　　 [正] - Is everybody there??

　　 - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?

　　 [析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave??

　　 [误] - Your handwriting is very good!?

　　 - No, my handwriting is very poor? ?

　　 [正] - Your handwriting is very good!?

　　 - Thank you? ?

　　 [析] 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说: Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如: Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。?

　　 [误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I'll go first? ?

　　 [正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I have to go? ?

　　 [析] 这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first? 朋友们会迷惑不解,而 I have to go? 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?

　　 [误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??

　　 - I'd like to, and I'm too busy? ?

　　 [正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??

　　 - I'd like to, but I'm too busy? ?

　　 [析] I'm too busy? 与 I'd like to? 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?

　　 [误] - Where's Deter??

　　 - Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?

　　 [正] - Where's Deter??

　　 - Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?

　　 [析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。?

　　 [误] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?

　　 - Great? You look well too? ?

　　 [正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?

　　 - Thanks? You look well too? ?

　　 [析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹,而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。??

　　 (三) 例题解析 ?

　　 1? - Would you like to have some rice??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, I like B? Yes, please C? of course D? Yes, I have

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲 Yes, please? 如不想接受则用No, thanks??

　　 2? - Nice to see you?

　　 ?- _________ .?

　　 A? Good morning B? Happy to meet you, too ?

　　 C? Nice to see you, too D? Pleased to meet you, too

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。?

　　 3? - Would you please give me some water??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, I would B? Certainly C? No, thanks D? Yes, please

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please? 为是的,您请做某事吧。这一含意显然不对。?

　　 4? - Thank you very much for helping me??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? You're welcome B? It doesn't matter

　　 C? No need D? Don't say that

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] You're welcome 译为中文为:不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为:没关系。?

　　 5? - Hello, Lucy? How are you??

　　 - _________ And you??

　　 A? Fine, thanks B? Yes, I am

　　 C? Glad to meet you D? Good afternoon

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为很好,谢谢!?

　　 6? - Help yourself to some meat??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? It sounds nice. B? Yes, please. ?

　　 C? Yes, Let's help each other. D? Thank you.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。?

　　 7? - Oh, I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Fine, How are you? B? Never mind? Take care ?

　　 C? Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D? I'm sorry to hear that?

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。?

　　 8? - Meimei you speak English very well??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? No, I don't think so B? Thank you very much?

　　 C? Not good enough D? That's all right

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 9? - Kate, could you answer the telephone, please??

　　 - _________ , Mum? I'll get it.?

　　 A? Yes, I could B? No, thanks ?

　　 C? O?K? D? Yes, but I have no time

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?

　　 10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? No, thanks. B? With pleasure. ?

　　 C? I'm not afraid. D? I'm sure you will.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] With pleasure? 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?

　　 11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Hold on, please. B? That's the headmaster, please. ?

　　 C? Who are you ? please. D? Sorry? I'm not the headmaster.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] hold on, please? 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that, 而要用 this, 在电话用语中 that 指对方, this 指自己。?

　　 12? - Happy birthday!?

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Thank you. B? The same to you. ?

　　 C? Good luck. D? Congratulations.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。?

　　 13? - I'm sorry I don't know the way, either? You'd better ask that policeman for help??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Good night. B? That's nothing. ?

　　 C? Very well. D? Thank you all the same.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same? 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。?

　　 14? - I fell and hurt my leg last week, So I can't do anything??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? I'm sorry B? Don't worry

　　 C? Good luck D? Bad luck

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that?而不能单用 I'm sorry? 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。?

　　 15? - _________ ?

　　 - I have got a cough??

　　 A? What's your trouble? B? What have you got? ?

　　 C? Why did you come here? D? Have you got a cough?

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you??

　　 16? - Would you like to go shopping with me??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Yes, I'd love to. B? That's right.

　　 C? Yes, please. D? Quite well.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] 表示愿意作某事应讲:I'd love to? I'd like to??

　　 17? - What's the weather like today!?

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? It's nice for a walk. B? I like autumn best of all.?

　　 C? It will be fine tomorrow. D? It's rather cold today.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选D

　　 18? - Is Jane in ,please? I want to speak to her??

　　 - Sorry, she is out? You'd better _________ .?

　　 A? visit her in the office B? call her later ?

　　 C? see her this afternoon D? speak to her yourself

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] call her later 晚些时候再来电话。?

　　 19? - _________ ?

　　 - Very well, thank you, and you??

　　 A? How do you do? B? Good morning? ?

　　 C? How are you these days? D? How do you like English?

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯: How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do??

　　 20? - How is your mother??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? She is old. B? She is no better than she was. ?

　　 C? She is kind?hearted. D? She is in her forties.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何,而B选项则是她不比以前强。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。?

　　 21? - Thank you very much for your help??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? You're welcome B? Please don't

　　 C? There's no trouble D? No, no

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 22? Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him?

　　 He says _________ .?

　　 A? It was nothing B? I'm glad you enjoyed it ?

　　 C? Don't say it D? No, needn't

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 这是英语的答语,千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。?

　　 23? - Thank you for your good present??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? It's not good B? No, no

　　 C? My pleasure D? Never mind

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 24? When someone did a good deed for you, you should say _________ .?

　　 A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 25? - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner? ?

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A.No, you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes, you are D.No, you don't

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] That's all right? 没关系。?

　　 26? - I'm sorry if I hurt you??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? I'm sorry B? It's not true ?

　　 C? It doesn't matter D? Don't say sorry

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 27? - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? ?

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? I'm sorry B? What a pity ?

　　 C? It doesn't matter to me D? That's terrible

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。?

　　 28? - Help yourself to some fish??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? You are very kind B? Yes, I'm helping myself ?

　　 C? Thank you D? Yes, don't worry about me

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 29? - Are you ready??-______ .?

　　 A? I'm very sorry B? Try to be patient ?

　　 C? Not yet, wait a minute D? Do you have the time, please?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] not yet 意为还没有完成。?

　　 30? - Mum, I have passed the exam??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? That's all right B? Congratulations

　　 C? You are luck D? Good luck to you

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 31? - I think I have to leave? I hope we can get together again??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? All right B? That's all right

　　 C? O?K? D? I hope so, too

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 32? Must I wait till he comes back? ? .?

　　 A? No, you needn't B? No, you mustn't ?

　　 C? No, you may not D? No, you can't

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must, 表示必须做,而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。?

　　 33? - _________ I pay you the house rent right away??

　　 - Yes, you have to do it??

　　 A? Shall B? Way C? Must D? Have

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 34? - Don't you think this colour is too bright? ?

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Yes, I agree. B? Yes, but I don't think so. ?

　　 C? Yes, of course not. D? Yes, what's wrong?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 35? - It was cold yesterday??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? So was it B? So it was

　　 C? I believe not so D? I believe not

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因 so it was即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如: I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。?

　　 36? - What do you think of the song??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? I like music very much B? I like it too ?

　　 C? With pleasure D? It sounds sweet

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] sound 在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。?

　　 37? Do you like tea or coffee?? _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, I do B? Thank you

　　 C? That's fine D? Either will do

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] either will do? 为两者哪个都可以。?

　　 38? I like your sweater very much?? _________ .?

　　 A? No, it's ugly B? Sorry

　　 C? Thank you D? You're welcome

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 这是英美语言的习惯。?

　　 39? He likes travelling by train? ? _________ .?

　　 A? So do I B? I dos

　　 C? I like so D? I like it, neither

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 40? - How do you like your school??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? I like it very much B? It's very beautiful?

　　 C? I doesn't like it D? Very well

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] How do you like 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。?

　　 41? What a nice day! ? _________ ?

　　 A? You're right. B? No, isn't it?

　　 C? Yes, isn't it? D? Really?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] Yes, isn't it? 是的,难道不是个好天气吗??

　　 42? - Hello, _________ ??

　　 - This is Della speaking??

　　 A? Who are you B? Are you Tom ?

　　 C? Who is that D? Please tell me who are you

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 电话用语中 that 指对方,而 this 指自己。?

　　 43? -What's he like? ?

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? He likes English B? He is old ?

　　 C? He is like a farmer D? He is tall and this

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。?

　　 44? How did you do your job? ?

　　 Not very well, _________ .?

　　 A? I'm sure B? I am afraid

　　 C? Thank you D? I'm sorry

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] I am afraid 我恐怕是,我想是。?

　　 45? - _________ your aunt??

　　 -She is a principal of a middle school??

　　 A? What does B? Where does

　　 C? What is D? Whom is

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 46? - _________ ?

　　 - He is my boss??

　　 A? What's the man? B? Who is the man? ?

　　 C? How is the man? D? What does the man do?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 47? - May I have your name? ?

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? No, no B? You're polite

　　 C? Call me John D? It's kind of you

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 48? - Shall I make coffee for you? ?

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, thank you B? No, don't trouble ?

　　 C? Don't trouble this, thank you D? No, don't make it

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 49? - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buown's office??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Not at all B? I'm sure

　　 C? All right D? I can do it

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 50? - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? It's very kind of you B? You are so thoughtful ?

　　 C? That's a good idea D? Yes, we'll go

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

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