中考英语总复习7
十、被 动 语 态
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。
eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。
一、构成:be + 过去分词
eg. 1)The work is finished by him.
2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.
二、被动语态的时态
1.一般现在时:am/ is/ are + 过去分词
eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.
2.一般过去时:was/ were + 过去分词
eg. The machines were made in China.
3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词
eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school next week.
4.现在完成时:have/ has been + 过去分词
eg. The work has been done by them.
5.现在进行时:am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。
eg. A new school is being built in our village.
6.过去进行时:was/ were being + 过去分词
eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.
综上所述:被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化(即:be动词的各种时态)
另外注意以下几点:
1.含情态动词的被动语态:
can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词
eg. He may be sent away from school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg. My bike needs to be mended.
3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用by + 动作的执行者(宾格)
eg. He was called Mike by us
4.不及物动词无被动语态(take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等)
eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _________
5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原。
eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.
The workers were made to work 12 hours.
6.注意短语动词的完整性(即:主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。
eg. We must take care of the baby.
The baby must be taken care of.
练 习 题
( )1.This factory has been____ for two years
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
( )2.The light in the room ___ before you leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off
C. are turned off D. must be turned off
( )3.The young trees ____ planted in spring.
A. must B. have C. must be D. must are
( )4.Chinese ____ by Miss Wang three years ago. A. was taught B. is taught
C. was teached D. were teach
( )5.Young trees ___ quite often.
A. should water B. should be water
C. should be watered D. should have watered
( )6.English ___ by many people in the world
A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken
( )7.The old people ___ well in our country.
A. is looked after B. are looked after
C. looks after D. look for
( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.
A. is sent B. must be sent
C. can send D. must send
( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.
A. was built B. is built
C. will be built D. built
( )10.Our teacher told us that the classroom _____ every day.
A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned
C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned
( )11.Football ____ all over the world.
A. plays B. is playing
C. has played D. is played
( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?
A. Is , produced B. Are, produced
C. Does, produce D. Was, produce
( )13.Much money ____ spent on books every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is
( )14.The students was made ______ the questions by the teacher.
A. answer B. to answer
C. answering D. answered
( )15.The sun ____ when we got there.
A. was risen B. has been risen
C. had risen D. is rising
( )16.The People's Liberation Army was ____ August 1, 1927.
A. found in B. found on
C. founded on D. founded in
( )17.The oranges should be well ___ during the winter.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).
A. was killed B. are killed
C. are killing D. were killed
( )19.Tape recorders____ in our English class
A. should use B. used
C. can be used D. are using
( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?
A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken
C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak
( )21.He ____ not to leave waster paper everywhere.
A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told
( )22.Who ____ The Family, Spring and Autumn ______?
A. was, written B. were, written
C. were, written by D. are. Written by
( )23.Look at the building! It ____ now.
A. is being built B. has been built
C. is building D. has built
( )24.Half of the work ____ before six.
A. can be done B. will do C. were done
( )25.We ____ stamps for sending letters.
A. are used B. use C. used
( )26.The Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in North China.
A. are built B. can be build C. was built
( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?
A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit
( )28.The woman ____ by people in the waiting room.
A. was laughed B. was laughed at
C. laughed at
( )29. What ____ there?
A. happened B. is happened
C. must be happened
( )30.He was made ______for twelve hours.
A. to work B. work C. worked
十一、状语从句
(一)时间状语从句:由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until引导的从句
1)when与while
eg.1)I'll tell her the good news _____he comes back.
2)Aunt Wang came in while we were watching TV
3)since:自从以来(since从句常用一般过去时)
注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时
eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China
2)It is two years since her mother died.
(二)条件状语从句:由if (如果)引导的从句
eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow.
注意:条件状语从句与以下句型的转换
1)祈使句,and (then , or)+简单句
= If you , you
eg.1)Use your head, then you'll find a way.
=If you use your head, you'll find a way
2)Hurry up, or you'll be late.
=If you don't hurry, you'll be late.
2)without与条件句的转化
eg. Man can't live without water.
=Man can't live if there is no water.
注意以上两种状语从句的时态
主句 时间、条件句
1)一般将来时 2)祈使句 3)情态动词原形 一般现在时
一般过去时 一般过去时
但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用。
eg.1)I'll call you as soon as he ______ (come) back.
2)He won't go to bed until he _________ (finish) his homework.
3)I'll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to China.
(三)原因状语从句:由because, since , for , as引导的从句
eg. He didn't go to school because he was ill.
注意:1)对because引导的从句提问用why
2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用
eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn't (C) go to school (D) yesterday. ________
(四)结果状语从句:由so that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)
eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn't catch up with (C) him. ________
注意:1) so that +否定句与too to的替换
eg.1)He is so young that he can't go to school.
= He is too young to go to school(主、从句主语相同)
2)He ran so fast that we couldn't catch up with him.
= He ran too fast for us to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同)
3)The box is so heavy that I can't carry it
= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)
2)so that +从句与enough to的替换
eg.1)He's so strong that he can carry the box.
= He's strong enough to carry the box.
2)The question is so easy that I can answer it
=The question is easy enough for me to answer
练 习
( )1.We bought granny a present, ___ she didn't like it.
A. but B. and C. when
( )2.Be quick, ___ you'll be late for the football match.
A. so B. and C. or
( )3.You've done badly, ___ I can see you did your best. A. or B. but C. so
( )4.That was our first lesson, ___ she didn't know all our names.
A. for B. but C. so
( )5.They didn't pass the ball often enough, ___ they didn't play together very well.
A. and B. yet C. when
( )6.It was raining at that time, ___ they couldn't go out for walk.
A. because B. or C. so
( )7.Mary couldn't go to school, ___ she was very ill. A. for B. before C. though
( )8.Go straight along the road, ___ you'll find the hospital at the end of it.
A. since B. and C. when
( )9.Take this medicine , ___ you will yet well soon. A. and B. but C. so
( )10.Either she or I ___ him at the airport.
A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet
( )11.The train hasn't arrived ____.
A. too B. also C. yet
( )12.You won't go there, ___ will I.
A. So B. Neither C. Also
( )13.You can take ___ this book ___ that book, but you can't take ___ of them.
A. either, or ; all B. either , or ; both
C. not only , but also ; both
( )14.The students had no water___ food then
A. or B. and C. also
( )15.They were ___ weak ___ carry the heavy box.
A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to
( )16.The books aren't yours ___ ours.
A. nor B. and C. but
( )17.Tom saves his money, ___ John spends all he gets.
A. while B. or C. so
( )18.Excuse me, ___ can you tell me how to get to the park?
A. and B. please C. but
( )19.He needs to have a rest, ___ he has worked for a long time .
A. and B. but C. for
( )20.The policeman was ___ busy ___ holidays with his family.
A. very , to spend B. too , to spend
C. so , that
( )21.Neither Jack nor I ___ to the park.
A. is going B. are going C. am going
( )22.His grandfather has never been to school so he could ___ read ___ write.
A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and
( )23.Johm ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.
A. let him in , said B. didn't let him in , said
C. didn't let him in , says
( )24.I'm sure Li Ping is ___ in the classroom ___ in the library.
A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or
( )25.Don't open the door ___ the bus ___.
A. until , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop
( )26.Both his father and his mother ___ to Beijing.
A. has been B. have been C. has gone
( )27.We'll have a sports meeting if it ____ rain tomorrow.
A. won't B. isn't C. don't D. doesn't
( )28.I'll let you know as soon as he ____.
A. comes back B. will come back
C. is coming back D. come back
( )29.I'm ___ busy getting ready for Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.
A. not, until B. too, to
C. so, that D. neither, nor
( )30.This TV set is too dear, ____ it gives you a better picture.
A. or B. if C. though D. and
( )31.Could you ask Tom to ring me up if you ____ him tomorrow.
A. met B. meet C. will meet D. have met
( )32.While she ___ TV in the sitting room, the bell ____.
A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang
C. was watching D. watched, was ringing
( )33.Mary will go ____ after she ____ her homework.
A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes
C. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish
( )34.He is listening to the music ____ he is washing clothes.
A. after B. before C. when D. while
( )35.Tell Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li's office, when you ____ him.
A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see
( )36.They ____ until the meeting was over.
A. left B. not leave
C. don't leave D. didn't leave
( )37.The children sat at the table until the guests ____.
A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left
( )38.The film ____ for half an hour when I got to the cinema.
A. has begun B. had been on
C. begun D. begins
( )39.She ____ until late into the night.
A. waited B. came C. went D. started
( )40.He began to do his homework _____ he turned on the light.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
( )41.He didn't go to swim yesterday___ he was ill.
A. when B. if C. because D. and because
( )42.Li Ping gives me more help than Wang Lin ____ .
A. is B. has C. does D. gives
( )43.Please keep the box for me ____ I come back tonight.
A. when B. as C. to D. until
( )44.I bought an umbrella ____ the weather was fine.
A. if B. although C. because D. as
( )45.We got to the cinema ___ late ___ there were no seats left.
A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that
( )46.It ___ five years ___ I left the army.
A. is , since B. was , since
C. has been, when D. is , when
( )47.Though it was raining hard, ___ was still waiting for her son in the rain.
A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she
( )48.I have known him ___ I was a child.
A. because B. since C. when D. before
( )49.Jim had finished his homework ____ his mother came back.
A. after B. before C. while D. then
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