寒假英语学习不可忽略的数词
英语中的数词包括基数词和序数词两大类,它们的用法非常复杂,为了便于同学们系统地复习数词,现就初中阶段数词的主要内容作以下归纳。北京第一七一中学 边秋颖
一、基本构成
(一)基数词从1数到N
1.112的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.1319的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊, 13thirteen 15fifteen 18eighteen。
3.2090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20twenty, 30thirty, 40forty ,50fifty ,80eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号-,如:28twenty-eight,96ninety-six。
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148one hundred and forty-eight ,406four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600six hundred,8百万eight million。
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无万这个词,我们可以用几十个千(thousand)表示几万,几百个千(thousand)表示几十万。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用of+复数名词,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several或 many。
Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.
Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.
(二)序数词由基数词转变而来,表示这是第N个
1.口诀巧记基数词变序数词:一、二、三,特殊记,八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,见y变成i和e,词尾加上th,若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。第一、第二、第三分别:first,second,third,eighteighth nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth,twenty-fivetwenty-fifth。
2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如: sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。
3.序数词有时用缩写形式:
first----1st, twentysecond-------22th.
上一篇: 英语学习:数词的基本用法
下一篇: 英语学习:如何跳出命题者设下的陷阱