英译汉中的增词现象
增词现象主要有下列三种情况:
一、为了句法结构上的完整而增词。
1.原文中省略了动词,在翻译成汉语时要译出。例如:
Reading makes a full man,talking a ready man,writing an exact man.读书使人充实,谈话使人敏捷,写作使人准确。
2.原文回答中省略的部分,译成汉语时需要增词。例如:
Which do you like better,green or red?你喜欢哪一种颜色,绿色还是红色?
Neither.哪一种也不喜欢。(两者都不喜欢。)
3.原句比较中省略的部分,在译成汉语时需要补充出来。例如:
He is more concerned about others than about himself.他关心别人比关心自己都要多。
二、为了语义方面的完整而增词。常见情况有下列几种:
1.增加量词。英语中的数词可以和可数名词直接连用,而译成汉语时需要借助量词。例如:
Father bought a new car.爸爸买了一辆新车。
A red sun is rising from the east.一轮红日正从东方冉冉升起。
2.在不及物动词后面增加名词。例如:
My parents tell me not to borrow from others.我的父母告诉我不要向别人借东西。
3.为了使汉语说起来顺口、连贯,译成汉语时需要增词。例如:
This new type of computer is cheap and fine.这种新电脑价廉物美。
[巩固练习]用增词法将下列句子译成汉语。
1.The woman is old and weak.
2.Let's have a rest.
3.Flowers bloom in the garden.
4.We must wash before a meal.
参考答案:
1.那位老太太年老体弱。 2.让我们休息一会儿吧。
3.朵朵鲜花在花园里盛开。 4. 饭前我们要洗手。
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