used to/be used to
1. be used to 意为习惯于,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be.如:
He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的。
注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为被用来,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形)。如:
A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。
2. used to 意为过去经常,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词)。如:
He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。
注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如 three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用。如:
正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎 3 次。
误:I used to go to Paris three times.
正:I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年。
误:I used to live in the country for three years.
正:I always used [used always] to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗。
used to 构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式:即借助助动词did 或直接将 used 用作助动词。如:
He usednt [didnt use] to come. 他过去不常来。
You used to go there, usednt [didnt] you? 你过去常到那儿去,是吗?
另外,有时也可见到以下这样的否定式和疑问式,但不是很普通:
Did you use(d) to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?
They didnt use(d) to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。
There used to be a cinema here, use(d)nt there? 往日这里曾有家电影院,是吗?
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