7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常放在动词后。但有些副词（如：often , always , usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be /助/情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、动词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状语。
1)He knows how to learn English well. (副词well作状语，修饰动词learn)
2)My parents often tell us about their hard life in the past. (副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)
3)Her mother usually goes out to do some shopping on Sundays. (副词usually以及介词短语on Sundays作状语，修饰动词goes)
4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after tomorrow. (名词词组the day after tomorrow作状语，修饰动词will leave)
5)He came here to see you. (动词不定式to see you作目的状语，
6)He sat there reading a novel (现在分词短语reading a novel作状语修饰动词sat)
7)If I have some free time, I will study German. (条件状语从句If I have some free time作状语)
三、用分析法确定一个单词在句中的词性和成分。
在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意思，应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、词义、和在句中的成分。
1)Excuse me. I dont want to listen to you any more. I dont think its a good excuse for being late for school
第一个excuse是动词原谅；第二个excuse有冠词a修饰，它是一个名词借口，在此作表语）
2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has scored eight goals.
第一个score作主语，是一个名词分数；第二个score作谓语，是一个动词进球
3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map to show us where the tomb is.
第一个point作谓语，是一个动词指着；第二个point作动词pointed to 的宾语，在此是一个名词（红）点
4)When I felt some rain drops dropping on my face, I put on my raincoat.
第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词（雨）滴；第二个drop是一个现在分词短语作宾语rain drops的宾语补足语，是一个动词落下
5)The sound from the church sounds very beautiful.
第一个sound作主语，是一个名词声音；第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词听起来。
6)She is a quiet girl. He does everything quietly.
第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl, 是一个形容词安静的， 文静的；第二处的quietly作状语修饰动词does, 是一个副词安静地