一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类: 1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。 如:Beijing, Tom, the Peoples Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。 ▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange; ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information. 二、英语可数名词的单复数: 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。 1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下: ①在单数名词词尾加s。如:mapmaps, boyboys, horsehorses, tabletables. ②s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es。如:classclasses, boxboxes, heroheroes, dishdishes, benchbenches. 【注】少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photophotos, pianopianos. ③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:familyfamilies, citycities, partyparties. ④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives. 2、不规则变化: manmen, womanwomen, sheepsheep,toothteeth, fishfish, childchildren, oxoxen, goosegeese 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of ricetwo bags of rice, a piece of paperthree pieces of paper, a bottle of milkfive bottles of milk.
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