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初中语法精挑细讲之动词的语态

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

动词的语态

  1. 语态定义:英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .(被动)

  2. 被动语态:助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词(be +p.p.),be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表:

  时态 谓语动词的形式 例子

  一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .

  一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .

  一般将来时 Shall / will + be +动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .

  现在进行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .

  过去进行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then .

  现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .

  时态 谓语动词的形式 例子

  过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back .

  含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .

  3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题:

  ○1 带有双宾语的动词,可以把任何一个宾语变被动,一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .

  ○2 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .

  ○3 在英语中有时be + V-ed结构并不是被动语态,而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .

  ○4 在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语的结构中,要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.

  ○5 宾语补足语为省to的不定式,变为被动语态后,要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .

  ○6 如果短语动词是及物动词时,可以用被动语态,但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .

  ○7 下列情况不能用被动语态:

  A. 不及物动词: The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .

  B. 连系动词: The girl looks like her sister .

  C. 宾语为反身代词:He always dresses himself neatly .

  D. 宾语为相互代词:The students often help each other .

  E. 同源宾语:At that time, they lived a happy life .

  F. 表示状态的及物动词:I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .

  返回:初中英语主动语态知识点详解

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