1. ed形容词和ing形容词
原则上说,由-ed分词转化来的形容词表被动含义,由-ing分词转化来的形容词表主动含义:
a broken heart 破碎的心(=a heart that has been broken)
an interesting book 有趣的书(=a book which interests readers)
falling leaves 下落的树叶(=leaves that are falling)
Everyone was moved by the moving story. 大家都被这个感人的故事感动了。
You may be worried if you have worrying problem. 假若你有一个令人担忧的问题,你可能感到担忧。
【特别说明】关于-ed形容词和-ing形容词的用法,有的人认为-ed形容词只用于人,-ing形容词只用于物,此说法尽管对读者来说记忆方便,而且在许多情况下也是可行的,但由于说得太绝对,在许多情况下却是不可靠的。如-ing 形容词用于人的情况就比比皆是:假若你的老师说话幽默、讲课生动,那么不仅他的课非常interesting,而且你会说他是一个 interesting man(有趣的人)。比较:
Im interested in interesting people. 我对有趣的人感兴趣。
He was worried about his worrying son. 他为他令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。
He was annoyed with the annoying person. 他对这个讨厌的人很生气。
另一方面,-ed 形容词用于指物的情况也不少见。比较并体会:
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种表情的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种表情令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指谈话的人心情激动)
an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听谈话的人心情激动)
【注意】并不是所有-ed 形容词都表被动,有的-ed可能表示完成或其他意义:fallen leaves 落叶,an escaped prisoner 逃犯,a learned professor 博学的教授,an aged man 老人。
2. ful 形容词和able形容词
在某些情况下,以-ful结尾的形容词含有主动意义,而以-able结尾的形容词含有被动意义:
respectful 表尊敬的,尊重人的 respectable 令人尊敬的,可敬的
regretful 遗憾的,抱歉的,后悔的 regrettable 令人遗憾的,令人可惜的
forgetful 健忘的 unforgettable 令人难忘的
但以上说法并不绝对,有时也不一定,甚至完全相反:
delightful 令人高兴的(比较:delighted 感到高兴的)
shameful 可耻的(比较:ashamed 感到羞耻的)
frightful 可怕的,令人害怕的(比较:frightened 感到害怕的)
painful 令人痛苦的(比较:pained 感到痛苦的)
harmful 有害的,使人受害的
另外注意:pleased 高兴的 / pleasant 令人高兴的。
3. 既表主动又表被动的形容词
有的形容词既可表主动意义,也可表被动意义:
(1) cheerful 高兴的;令人高兴的:
He is cheerful today. 他今天很高兴。
The news isnt very cheerful, Im afraid. 我看这个消息不太乐观。
(2) comfortable 舒服的;令人舒服的:
I was so comfortable and warm in bed that I didnt want to get up. 睡在床上既舒服又暖和,我都不想起来了。
Is your chair comfortable to sit on? 你的那把椅子坐起来舒服吗?
(3) doubtful 怀疑的;可疑的,令人怀疑的:
Im doubtful about the result. 我对结果如何表示怀疑。
The result is doubtful. 结果如何还很难断定。
(4) fearful 害怕的,感到害怕的;可怕的,令人害怕的:
It was a fearful accident. 那是一次可怕的事故。
They were fearful that we might wake the baby. 他们怕吵醒孩子。
(5) glad 高兴的(只作表语);令人高兴的(只作定语):
It was a glad day for everyone. 对大家来说那是令人高兴的一天。
Im glad about your passing the test. 你考试及格了,我很高兴。
上一篇: 初中英语语法:状语从句的省略问题
下一篇: 初中英语语法:表示变化的连系动词
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