一、该结构的句法功能
wh-词+不定式主要用作宾语:
We must think what to do. 我们必须考虑怎么办。
I cant decide whom to invite. 我不能决定该邀请谁。
He had no idea of how to do it. 他不知道如何做此事。
除用作宾语外,还可用作主语、表语等:
When to leave has not been decided. 何时离开还没有决定。
The question is how to find him. 问题是如何找到他。
二、why用于该结构的注意点
原则上说,why 后不接不定式,不过若不定式不带 to,则可用 why:
Why not go there at once? 为什么不马上去那儿呢?
Why argue with her? 为什么要跟她争论呢?
【注】这类结构通常只用于谈论现在和将来,不用于谈论过去:
误:Why not clean the room yesterday?
正:Why didnt you clean the room yesterday? 你昨天为什么不打扫房间?
三、how用于该结构的注意点
有些动词后接how+不定式作宾语时,how可省略:
Did you learn (how) to drive a car? 你学过开车吗?
但是,有些动词后面接疑问词how+不定式作宾语时,尽管其中的how在汉语中无需译出,但却不能将 how 省略:
He knows how to play the piano. 他会弹钢琴。
He showed her how to swim. 他教她游泳。
Soon youll find out how to drive a car. 不久你就会学会开车的。
We never discovered how to open the box. 我们一直未发现如何打开这个盒子。
Can you explain how to make a cake? 你可以给我解释一下怎么做蛋糕吗?
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