above/over/on/upon
Ⅰ. 方位介词,在之上
Ⅱ. above 着重指:在上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.
① The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。
② The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
Ⅲ.over 表盖在上面,或铺在上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.
① Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。
Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。
① The book is on the desk.
② There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。
Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。
① He laid his hand upon the boys head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。
[注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。
① We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。
② The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。
accident/incident 事故
Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。
① Twenty people were killed in the railway accident
② He met with an accident. 这完全是偶然的事。
Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或战争的事件。
① It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。
② The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于1937年7月7日。
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