crowd / group / team
Ⅰ. group 小组、团体,与 team 是同义词。指因任何目的或原因而聚集在一起所形成的群体。搭配范围较广;
team 指工作、行为或游戏时在一起的群体,尤指体育比赛的队, 搭配范围较窄。如:
①a study group 学习小组; a discussion group 讨论小组
②a basketball team 篮球队 a medical team 医疗队
Ⅱ. group 指人群时,与crowd同义。group 所指人数可多可少,但常指较小的人群, 且表示有组织有秩序的一群人;
crowd有密集拥挤的含义,通常指未经组织、人数众多的人群。
by oneself/ for oneself/ to oneself/ of oneself
这五个介词短语均属介词+反身代词结构,但意义各不相同:
Ⅰ.by oneself单独地;独立地(=without help, alone).如:
Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you?
是你自己做的,还是别人帮你做的?
Ⅱ. 本身;本身的性质如:
①Diamond is hard in itself. 钻石本来是硬的。
Ⅲ.for oneself 为自己(的利益而做某事);独自地(与by oneself 同义)。如:
②He has built a house for himself. 他为自己建造了一幢房子。
③You must find it out for yourself. 你必须自己把它找出来。
Ⅳ.of oneself 自然而然地;自动地为不及物动词。如:
④The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄灭了。
Ⅴ.to oneself默默地暗自,常与talk , say, think等动词连用。如;
⑤He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想这其中有毛病。
[注]:say to oneself 在心里想,talk/ speak to oneself自言自语两者不可混淆。
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