(一)句子种类概述
句子按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
(二)基础知识梳理
1.陈述句
陈述句用来说明事实或表示说话人的看法。
1)陈述句的肯定形式。如:
We are students.
We must obey the traffic rules.
We clean the room every day.
2)陈述句的否定形式
把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况:
(1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情态动词)后直接加not。如:
We arent students.
You neednt hand in your homework today.
(2)在助动词do,does,或did后加not,再把它们放在行为动词前面,而行为动词用原形。如:
We dont clean the room every day.
(3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出现no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如:
There are no books on the desk.
I can hardly answer your question.
Neither of the twins is a doctor.
2.疑问句
疑问句就是提出问题,让对方作出回答。英语中有四种疑问句,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。
1)一般疑问句
用于询问一个事实是否属实,其回答通常是Yes或No。其结构为:
be,will,have,助动词+主语+(主动词)/宾语
如:Is she a university teacher?
Will it be windy tomorrow?
Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?
2)特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句对句中某一特定部分提问,以特殊疑问词开头根据实际情况,不必用Yes或No回答。常见的特殊疑问词有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可数名词复数,how much+不可数名词,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其结构为:
疑问句+一般疑问句语句
如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?
What are you doing now?
How long have you lived here?
3)选择疑问句
选择疑问句通常提供两种或两种以上情况,询问对方选择哪一种。回答时选择一种,不必用Yes或No。
一般疑问句+A or B
如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?
Do you often play basketball or play the piano?
特殊疑问句,A or B? 或A,B or C?
如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?
Which do you like better, the record or the ball?
4)反意疑问句
由两部分组成,前半句为陈述句,后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句,回答时用Yes或No。它的构成和回答主要如下:
(1)肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问部分?
如:They are interested in collecting stamps, arent they?
一Yes,they are. 是的,他们对集邮感兴趣的。
一No,they arent. 不,他们对集邮不感兴趣的。
(2)否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分?
如:Tom didnt pass the exam, did he?
一Yes,he did. 不,他通过考试。
一No,he didnt. 9是,他没通过。
3.祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。
1)祈使句的肯定结构
如:Come in,please.
Let me have a try.
Lets go to the cinema together.
2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词前面加上dont,
如: Dont be late for school.
Dont walk on the grass.
4.感叹句
1) 感叹句表达说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。它常由what或how开头或引导。
感叹词What+强调部分(名词)+主语+动词谓语
如:What a mess picture it is!
What an exciting film we saw yesterday!
2) 感叹词How+强调部分(形容词或副词)+主语+动词谓语
如:How wonderful the film is!
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