中考英语语法汇总:句子的种类-查字典英语网
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中考英语语法汇总:句子的种类

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  (一)句子种类概述

  句子按种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

  (二)基础知识梳理

  1.陈述句

  陈述句用来说明事实或表示说话人的看法。

  1)陈述句的肯定形式。如:

  We are students.

  We must obey the traffic rules.

  We clean the room every day.

  2)陈述句的否定形式

  把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况:

  (1)在be,have,will,shall(包括情态动词)后直接加not。如:

  We arent students.

  You neednt hand in your homework today.

  (2)在助动词do,does,或did后加not,再把它们放在行为动词前面,而行为动词用原形。如:

  We dont clean the room every day.

  (3)否定句可由其他形式表示。如句中出现no,nobody,few,little,neither,hardly,nor,never等。如:

  There are no books on the desk.

  I can hardly answer your question.

  Neither of the twins is a doctor.

  2.疑问句

  疑问句就是提出问题,让对方作出回答。英语中有四种疑问句,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。

  1)一般疑问句

  用于询问一个事实是否属实,其回答通常是Yes或No。其结构为:

  be,will,have,助动词+主语+(主动词)/宾语

  如:Is she a university teacher?

  Will it be windy tomorrow?

  Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?

  2)特殊疑问句

  特殊疑问句对句中某一特定部分提问,以特殊疑问词开头根据实际情况,不必用Yes或No回答。常见的特殊疑问词有what,who,whom,when,what,time,where,why,which,whose,how old,how many+可数名词复数,how much+不可数名词,how long,how far,how fast,how soon等。其结构为:

  疑问句+一般疑问句语句

  如:Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?

  What are you doing now?

  How long have you lived here?

  3)选择疑问句

  选择疑问句通常提供两种或两种以上情况,询问对方选择哪一种。回答时选择一种,不必用Yes或No。

  一般疑问句+A or B

  如:Is there any coffee or water in the cup?

  Do you often play basketball or play the piano?

  特殊疑问句,A or B? 或A,B or C?

  如:Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?

  Which do you like better, the record or the ball?

  4)反意疑问句

  由两部分组成,前半句为陈述句,后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句,回答时用Yes或No。它的构成和回答主要如下:

  (1)肯定陈述句+否定附加疑问部分?

  如:They are interested in collecting stamps, arent they?

  一Yes,they are. 是的,他们对集邮感兴趣的。

  一No,they arent. 不,他们对集邮不感兴趣的。

  (2)否定陈述句+肯定附加疑问部分?

  如:Tom didnt pass the exam, did he?

  一Yes,he did. 不,他通过考试。

  一No,he didnt. 9是,他没通过。

  3.祈使句

  祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。

  1)祈使句的肯定结构

  如:Come in,please.

  Let me have a try.

  Lets go to the cinema together.

  2)祈使句的否定结构是在动词前面加上dont,

  如: Dont be late for school.

  Dont walk on the grass.

  4.感叹句

  1) 感叹句表达说话人说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪。它常由what或how开头或引导。

  感叹词What+强调部分(名词)+主语+动词谓语

  如:What a mess picture it is!

  What an exciting film we saw yesterday!

  2) 感叹词How+强调部分(形容词或副词)+主语+动词谓语

  如:How wonderful the film is!

  

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