Ⅱ副词
-命题趋势
副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。
-考查重点
中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中,频度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时间副词already,yet,still,just,疑问副词how,why,when,where,程度副词enough,quite以及too,also,either等的用法区别,副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。
一、副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly
程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite
地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home
时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still
频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never
否定副词:no,not,neither,nor
疑问副词:where,how,why
其他:also,too,only
二、副词的基本用法:
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
例如,1.We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
2.He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。
3.What happened?I asked,rather angrily.发生什么事情了?我相当生气地问。
4. In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.在春天,我到处都能看到花。
三、常见副词用法辨析
1.already与yet的区别
already用于肯定句句中,表示已经;yet用于否定句句末,表示还,用于疑问句句末,表示已经
例如,He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。
Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗?
I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。
注意:already还可以表示惊奇,惊讶等语气,常用于疑问句句末
例如:Has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗?
2 very,much和very much.的区别
very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;修饰动词要用very much.
例如,John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。
This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。
Thank you very much.非常感谢你
3.so与such的区别
⑴so修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词,
例如,My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。
⑵so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数。
such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数,such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词,
例如,He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。
It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。
It is so cold weather.
They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。
They are so good students.
⑶如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such.
例如,so many;so few可以加可数名词复数
so much;so little可以加不可数名词
4.also,too,as well与either 的区别
also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。
例如,My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。
I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French,either.我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。
5.sometime,sometimes,some time与some times的区别
sometime:某一时间,某一时刻,可指将来时,也可指过去时
sometimes:有时,不时的
some time:一段时间
some times:几次,几倍
例如,Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间,我们要进行一次测试。
Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙,有时不忙。
He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。
I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。
6.ago与before的区别
ago表示以现在为起点的以前,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻以前,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
7.now,just与just now的区别
now:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用,意为现在
just:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用,表示刚
just now:和过去时连用,表示刚才
例如,Where does he live now?他现在住哪里?
We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。
He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。