初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。
这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外,在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。
一. 冠词:
冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词the与不定冠词a;an之分。定冠词表示确指,译作这(那)个;不定冠词表示泛指,译作一个。
例题解析:
( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher.
A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the
over there意为那边的,是后置定语,它表示前面名词lady(女士)是确指的说法,因此要加上定冠词the。后半句意为一位大学教师,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词a或an。由于university的读音起始于辅音j,因此要加定冠词a。所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey.
A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the
piano意为钢琴,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词the。后半句中hockey意为曲棍球,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选B。
( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company.
A) / B) a C) an D) the
manager表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选A。
此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法:
1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the Great Wall(长城)
2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park
3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词the,如:the Dongting Lake
4. 一般用单数名词加a;复数名词不加the来表示泛指的意思。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):
( ) 1. There is _____ u in _____ word uniform..
A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the
( ) 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake.
A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the
( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience.
A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of
( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival.
A) the B) an C) a D) /
( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia.
A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A
( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China.
A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /
( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet.
A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the
( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____.
A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic
C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic
( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk.
A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's
二.名词:
名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。
例题解析:
( ) His grandfather is _____.
A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green
英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即first name,后为姓,即second name,也可叫做family name或surname。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是爷爷,是男名,所以本题答案应该选B。
( ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground.
A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's
英语中,姓氏前加定冠词the,后面加s,有一家人之意。所以本题答案应该选A。
( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground.
A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep
这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,一个两英尺深的洞应译为a two-foot-deep hole,所以本题答案应该选A。
( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _____.
A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentists D) see the dentists
去看牙科医生可译为go to see the dentist或go to the dentists。后一个词语中的the dentists表示the dentists clinic。所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble.
A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys
英语中,女教师们应该译为women teachers,而男学生们 应该译为boy students。 所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.
A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words
据说在英语中有多种说法:It was said that、Word came that、News came that、A message came that等。所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____.
A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own
catch ones eye是固定词组,意为引起某人注意;即be noticed by sb.。此句中,eye是视线之意,由eyesight演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝简单化方向发展,如:countrysidecountry、mankindman、 campsitecamp、in the daytimein the day等。所以本题答案应该选A。
( ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____.
A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair
要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的hair(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是一头长发,是不可数名词;后半句说的是三根白发,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选B。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):
( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you.
A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news
( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _____ are sitting at table.
A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens
( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine.
A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like
( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______.
A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste
( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana.
A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet
( ) 6. What kind of ______ do you like best?
A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons
( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Lets do the ______ about eating habits.
A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner
三.代词:
代词是名词的代用词,有指示代词(this, those)、人称代词主宾格(I, me)、形容词性物主代词(my)、名词性物主代词(mine)、反身代词(myself)、不定代词(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中,不定代词的变化最复杂。在不同的句子中,它们的变化和要求都不一样,这一点我们一定要有充分的认识,不能掉以轻心。
例题解析:
( ) Would you please give _____?
A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him
英语中,当直接宾语(人)与间接宾语(物)都用人称代词时,一定要先讲间接宾语(物)后讲直接宾语(人),而且要在直接宾语(人)前加上介词to。所以本题答案应该选D。
( ) She always thinks of _____ more than _____.
A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself
在英语中,别人属于泛指,应译为others。后半句是介词of的宾语。由于这里的她与主语的她是属于同一个人,因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语,要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _____ prefer TV series.
A) the others B) the other C) others D) another
在英语中,一些,另一些有两种译法:Some , the others 是属于非此即彼的两部分情况,而Some , others 是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为一部分人喜欢看体育消息,而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧,显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容,所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) The light in the room was too poor for _____ to see it clearly.
A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none
英语中,too to意为太而不能,具有否定的含义。因此,for sb.中应该选运用在否定句中的anyone才对。所以本题答案应该选C。
( ) _____ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.
A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of
带有定冠词the的名词前,应该用代词词组:some of(意为其中一些)、much of(意为其中许多)、most of(意为其中大多数)等。the mose of(意为其中最多的)在本句中的译法欠妥,所以本题答案应该选D。
( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? Im afraid _____ day is possible
A) either B) each C) both D) neither
在英语中,有两者和三者以上的不同词语说法:both意为两者都、all意为三者以上都、neither意为两者都不、none或no one意为三者以上都不、either意为两者之一、one意为三者以上之一、between意为两者之间、among意为三者以上之间。根据本题句意,答句应该是说我恐怕没有一天能行,所以本题答案应该选D。
( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _____ two are downstairs.
A) other B) the other C) others D) the others
在英语中,另两个的译法有多种:the other two、the others、the rest。由于本句中讲到三间浴室,另两间的说法应该是确指的,因此,必须有定冠词the。又由于后句已经写了two,因此这里要选作形容词用的other。所以本题答案应该选B。
( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _____ on Table Two.
A) that B) those C) dishes D) /
要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性:这句是the dishes on Table One(一桌上的菜)和the dishes on Table Two(二桌上的菜)作比较,因此后半句中的菜字不能省略。that与those是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数,因此,要用those来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选B。
( ) There are more people in this room than _____ in that one.
A) that B) those C) people D) /
要注意在There is 或There are 的比较级句型中,习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选D。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):
( ) 1. Show your watch ______ me. ______ is slow.
A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My
( ) 2. ______ do you like ______, the summer holidays or the winter holidays?
A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D) Which, best
( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _____ taken in her housing estate.
A) herself B) her C) hers D) myself
( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _____ among _____.
A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us
C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves
( ) 5. Ill do it by myself. I wont need _____ help.
A) anyones else B) anyone elses C) anyone others D) other anyones
( ) 6. I heard _____ until my friend told me about it.
A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything
( ) 7. Would you like _____ more bread, Jack?
A) any B) another C) little D) a little
( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _____ didnt.
A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest
( ) 9. He doesn't think _____ of them will go there with you.
A) none B) some C) many D) much
( )10. The film is dull and _____ people like it.
A) a few B) few C) a little D) little
( )11. Have you all _____?
A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for
C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything
( )12. Help _____ to some sweets, everyone.
A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself
( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _____ is a driver.
A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other
( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _______.
A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves
( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _____ of them is mine.
A) either B) none C) both D) neither
( )16. Neither of the twins _____ the toy train.
A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like
四.数词:
数词有基数词和序数词之分:基数词表示数量概念;序数词表示顺序概念。首先要注意一些数词在写法上的变化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它们在句子中的不同用法和变化。
例题解析:
( ) About _____ students went to the picture show that day.
A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred
about意为大约,是指具体数量,因此,不能用表示不定数量的词语hundreds of(意为成百个)。在表示确定数量时,英语中的hundred不加s,即不变复数。再由于students前没有定冠词the,不是其中之意,因此,也不能加介词of。所以本题答案应该选D。
( ) _____ of _____ Class Four students have joined the singing group.
A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, /
英语中,几分之几的表达方式是分子用基数词、分母用序数词,中间用短横连接。当分子大于一时,分母序数词要加s。再由于本题句中数量用的是of词组,即意为其中的五分之三,因此后面的名词students必定是确指的,要加定冠词the。所以本题答案应该选A。在这里要特别注意的是:不要看到students前有修饰词Class Four就不敢加定冠词the,要懂得这里的the是修饰students的。同样,the English language词语的表达形式也类似于此种情况。
习题训练:
Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用A、B、C或D表示,填入空格内):
( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _____ ones, three times as many as John.
A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight
( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _____.
A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen
( ) 3.Today is her brothers birthday. _____ is on _____.
A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth D) Hers, May the fifth
( ) 4. _____ of the students go to school by bike.
A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third
( ) 5.There are about _____ seats in the hall.
A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of
( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _____.
A) In one weeks time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month
( ) 7. About _____ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.
A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds
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