大家都不希望在阅读理解中遇到生词、难词,而这种情况又总是不可避免。该怎么办?一般来说,阅读中遇到生词,可以先通过语法、语境来先判断其词性。
如果是名词:千万别慌张,可以把它想象成一个符号,在心里把它当作一种抽象的物体即可,一般不会对文章的理解产生大问题。
如果是形容词:一般可以先跳过,直接读这个形容词所修饰的名词,这样做也可以从整体上把握文章大意,提高阅读速度。但美中不足之处在于,这样囫囵吞枣读下去,不能很好地把握作者的态度、观点。要是文章是景物描写类的,跳过这些形容词就很难体会作者的行文之美。这种情况下,可以根据这个形容词所修饰的名词的性质特征来回推、判断形容词的意思。比如:a naive girl,假如不认识naive,你可以通过girl来回推、判断。一般,形容一个小女孩,大多会用可爱的乖巧的天真的顽皮的等词。然后再结合上下文,虽然我们不一定能准确推断出其含义,但至少可以确定这个词的褒贬,能给它限定一个大体范围,从而降低理解难度。遇到不认识的副词基本上也可以同样处理。
如果是动词:这种情况困难相对较大。动词是一个句子中最具活力的词,不认识它也就意味着不知道到底发生了怎样一个动作或是出现了怎样一种情况。这时,你可以先把这个动词翻译成我们汉语中的万能动词搞 或整 来初步了解文意。比如:Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since.可译为:我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事搞资金,但始终未能搞到资金把教堂的钟搞好。教堂的钟很大,以前不分昼夜搞报时,但在很多年前被搞,从此便无声无息了。
再如:Have you ever put your trousers in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your back pocket? When you rescued your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? 如果不认识这句话中的关键动词,就可以先翻译为:你有没有把裤子塞进洗衣机,然后又想起在裤子的后兜有一张大面值的纸币?当你把裤子搞出来时,你有没有发现那张纸币已经变得比白纸还白?
不难发现,套用搞和整这样的万能动词,基本上可以对句意有所了解,将阅读进行下去。
判断生词的词性并分类运用以上方法处理之后,阅读将不再会举步维艰。
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