在口语第二部分的考试中,我们开始论述前会有一分钟的时间用考场提供的铅笔和纸去做一个outline。但是在考场临时想ideas一定不是一个明智之举。建议考生一定要在入考场前做好充分准备,然后才能在一分钟内很快列出提纲。帮助自己在真正论述的过程中保持思路的清晰。
在我们列提纲的时候一定要抓住结构和关键词。在有限的时间里,我们首先要保证结构和思路的清晰。首先在考场中要确保有话可讲,而且有条理可寻。其次,我们在记录思路的时候只能记下关键词,一般来说关键词首先是名词,然后是形容词,偶尔也会加入一些动词。也就是说最为重要的是名词。
其中如果涉及到逻辑概念或拓展概念则可用符号表示以节省时间。我们不必要去记很多的速记符号来加重自己的记忆负担,而且每个人也可以根据习惯的不同选择自己喜欢的符号。在这里,口语组的专家给大家介绍几个比较常用的符号形式供大家参考。
否定
导致,目的
因为
∵
所以
列举
举例
eg
转折,让步
类比
=
正面
+
负面
-
对比
重点
esp
其实提纲就是关键词加上用符号表示的逻辑关系和拓展关系。在我们成功列出提纲之后就要用英文连接词将其还原成完整的句子。其实口语中的提纲是听力提纲的逆向运用。听力中要求将一段话以提纲的形式做简要记录,而口语中则要求将提纲还原成一段话。这时我们需要有连词成句的能力,将关键词以逻辑关系串连成句子,而这种逻辑关系其实也就是答案的拓展技巧。当然,这些逻辑关系也可以通过句子直接表达,关系词并不是必须的,而是一种很好的选择。
在口语中的连接词和常用的拓展关系词不需要用的非常难,只需要记一些常用的就可以了。
not, hardly, rarely
lead to, result in, contribute to, give rise to
in order to, so that, to
∵
because, since, for, due to because of, owing to
thus, therefore, as a result
such as, including, no matteror, whetheror
eg
for example, for instance, takeas an example
although, but, though, yet, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, despite
=
as, like, similar to, in the same way, just like, just as
+
advantage, benefit, merit, upside, plus point
-
disadvantage, drawback, problem, demerit, downside, minus point
compared with, different from, beat, in contrast
esp
Actually, in fact, especially, indeed, sure, without any doubt, best of all, worst of all
我们以下面这个卡片为例来详细说明提纲的拓展:
Describe A Dish
Describe one of your favorite dishes.
You should say:
From whom you learnt to cook it.
How this dish is cooked.
Who you usually cook for.
And explain why you enjoy it.
{真题回放}
Steamed fish:
1. cook steamed fish; parents house, miss ask to teach
I am not much of a cook, but I do cook one dish well steamed fishWhen I moved out of my parents house, I missed it so much that I asked mom to teach me how to cook it.
在这里我们可以先用反衬的手法来突出清蒸鱼是我的拿手菜。所以在提纲中显示了一个让步。还原到口语中则用了but进行了连接。接下来论述自己非常想念清蒸鱼的味道,从而要母亲教我如何烹饪。在原文中以sothat来做成连接。
2. easy
fish, live, fresh; ingredient
procedure fish, ginger, spring onions, mushrooms, chili;
dish, soy source, water, rest of ingredients;
rack, wok
提纲中的ingredient和procedure提示要列举配料和制作方式,在这里没有用连接词表示,而是用句子直接论述了。
You also need ginger, spring onions, mushrooms and chili. First, clean the fish, cut the stalks of spring onions to almost 2 inch lengths, slice ginger and cut up mushrooms and chilies
当然,我们也可以用连接词表述,如:You also need to prepare all the ingredients, including ginger
3. special occasion ∵ friend, family;
steaming flavor;
healthy
steamed fish junk food, takeaway
Fish is a dish that the Chinese usually make on special occasions. I continue cooking the steamed fish on birthdays, parties and festivals because my family and friends loves it. Steaming is the purest way to cook fish to bring out the delicate sweet flavor of it. Plus, it is healthy. It sure can beat any junk food or crappy takeaways.
在这里occasion的拓展也没有使用连接词,而是在句子中直接体现了。当然,我们也可以把它改成:Fish is a dish that the Chinese usually make on special occasions such as birthdays, parties and festivals.
列好提纲对于第二部分的考题回应是非常重要的第一步。如果我们在有限的时间里很好的完成了这个步骤就能确保自己回答时逻辑清晰,思路顺畅。同时,专家也建议考生多学习一些常用的拓展方式,能够非常有效的组合句子,提高回答的质量。
下一篇: 亲历雅思总方向不变小细节有变
体坛英语资讯:Bayern part company with coach Ancelotti
国际英语资讯:U.S. yet to announce exact troop number deployment in Afghanistan
韦氏词典新增250个词汇 “韩式石锅拌饭”、“物联网”在列
The Most Handsome Man 最英俊的男人
体坛英语资讯:Simona Halep crashes out in second round of WTA Wuhan Open
四川省雅安中学2018届高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷
国内英语资讯:China discourages U.S., DPRK from war of words
BBC推荐:史上100部最伟大的喜剧
体坛英语资讯:Chelsea fight back to shock Atletico 2-1
英国女王发言人表示:看好哈里王子恋情!
因戏生情!“雪诺”基特•哈灵顿要和“野人”萝斯•莱斯利结婚了!
韦氏词典新增250个词汇 “韩式石锅拌饭”、“物联网”在列
The Unlucky Day 倒霉的一天
为什么很多人更愿意去咖啡馆学习、工作?
国际英语资讯:Italian, Finnish presidents discuss European integration, immigration
国内英语资讯:Xi calls for writers, artists to focus on the people
体坛英语资讯:Radwanska falls to Barty in WTA Wuhan Open third round
国际英语资讯:Myanmar nationals start to enjoy visa exemption for visiting India
沙特首次允许女性开车
国内英语资讯:China steps up financial support to small and micro businesses
体坛英语资讯:Pliscova storms past Wang into quarters of WTA Wuhan Open
这十种“有毒”的朋友还是敬而远之吧
国内英语资讯:China holds cultural festival to celebrate birthday of Confucius
体坛英语资讯:Asensio the latest Real Madrid player to extend contract
为了节能环保,这家公司给众多品牌的商标瘦身
《花花公子》创始人海夫纳去世
BBC推荐:史上100部最伟大的喜剧
国际英语资讯:Mozambican Government denies UN allegation on DPRK arms purchase
国际英语资讯:Cubans support punishment of crime commitment during Hurricane Irma
“拐弯抹角说话”英语怎么说?