本文章由新航道名师 王莉 专供无忧雅思网专稿
口语的课堂上,同学们总是苦于无话可说,其实按照外国人的思维去想想,思路便会层出不穷了。Learn the language and also learn some of their culture.
首先要学会用英文简单界定的技巧。
在西方人心目中有三句话,Who am I? Where I come from? and Where I am bound for? 。第一个就是他们总在思索的身份认同,对自己去下一个定义,反映出他们遇到一个概念总是无意识地要去界定它。后两句其实是对life的界定,有人说life is a process from cradle to grave 在我们考试的时候总有新的概念也就是新的话题冒出来,有些是我们所熟知的,只是很少去思考,有些则是从来没有涉及过,但其实是我们缺乏发现的眼睛,或者是对当下多数人关心的热点时事缺乏关注,这些就被称为新口语话题---tough topic。其实在我们生活中有的话题不过那么一二十个,friend, food, travel, holiday等等。举个例子说,有同学仔细定义过book吗?或者问过自己what is a book?这样的问题吗?如果你认真思考过,相信起码能想出那么几个key words,例如:printed or written, paper material, give knowledge, enlightening,或者延伸到现在的electronic books。这种方法的好处是无论如何你都能抓住theme of the question, 不会离题,而且还可以多说几句。建议最好可以经常翻翻字典里单词的English definition, 相信同学们会受益匪浅的。
第二,我们可以简单称为paraphrase, 也就是用不同方式去解释。
比如同学都喜欢看美剧,电影作品,但看的同时有没有学到什么?记得friends 《老友记》中有一集讲Rachel的男友要参观她家,她抵着门说了一句,This is an ordinary house, its got rooms, walls and ceilings. 虽然说的是废话,但确实是在解释什么是房子。平时就要多做这样的发散思维,比如看到Peking opera 能想到是一种traditional culture, treasure of the country,要有特殊的costume, facial make-up, 再能联系到梅兰芳这位京剧大师,以及相关的电影就更好了。再比如说到上文提到的对于时事资讯的了解,现在人人都说的low-carbon ,大家有没有想过怎么去explain it in different ways. 如果经常这么练习,就会对很多话题有进一步的认识了。
第三,要把所能描述的内容排个序,有一定顺序,才能表达的比较清晰。
中国人喜欢由外而内,西方人喜欢由内而外,把中心先讲出来,在到其他细致末梢。比如这样句话,An 8.0-magnitude earthquake hit Wenchuan county, Sichuan province on May 12th,2008.而中文的说法一定要把时间地点放在前边,这就是思维方式的不同造成的表达方式的差异。在练习口语时一定要注意,虽然内容一样,但排列顺序不对就不够地道。还有西方人喜欢避免头重脚轻,因此its convenient to do sth, 类似的结构就运用的很多,但遗憾的是很多同学在翻译类似的句子时往往想不到这种句式。
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