子曰:道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻,道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。
The Master said: Guide the people by law, subdue them by punishment; they may shun crime, but will be void of shame. Guide them by example, subdue them by courtesy; they will learn shame, and come to be good.
【注释】
道:有两种解释:一为引导二为治理。前者较为妥贴。
齐:整齐、约束。
免:避免、躲避。
耻:羞耻之心。
格:有两种解释:一为至二为正。
【译文】
孔子说:用法制禁令去引导百姓,使用刑法来约束他们,老百姓只是求得免于犯罪受惩,却失去了廉耻之心;用道德教化引导百姓,使用礼制去统一百姓的言行,百姓不仅会有羞耻之心,而且也就守规矩了。
【评析】
儒家治国之理论基础: 两种截然不同的治国方针。第一, 孔子认为,刑罚可能使人避免犯罪,但是不能使人懂得犯罪可耻的道理,其二: 是道德约束. 道德教化既能使百姓守规蹈矩,又能使百姓有知耻之心。
这个理念可以用来对付雅思作文考试题目:
2005年6月18日
Sending criminals to prison is not the effective method to deal with them. Education and job training should be used instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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