英语基本功总论
Part I:一个公式
我们都知道英语与汉语在表达顺序上存在很大的差异,因此,这里我们先引出一个英语表达顺序的公式来。请记住:英语的表达语序基本上遵循以下这个顺序:
6-1-2-3-4-5-6
6123456
说明:6的位置很灵活,可以放前,也可以放后。
示例:
I ate an apple.
I ate an apple with a fork.
I ate an apple with a fork in the kitchen.
I ate an apple with a fork in the kitchen this morning.
以上四个句子从1-2-3模式一直到1-2-3-4-5-6模式,请大家逐个翻译一下,仔细对比英语顺序与汉语顺序的差异。
结论:英语和汉语在表达的最核心内容上是一致的:即一个句子的1-2-3是相同的;但是,在有了4-5-6后,汉语表达方式与英语这个自然表达顺序产生了巨大的词序差异:
汉语次信息先出现;英语主信息先出现。
再如:
我喜欢那个女孩子
我喜欢那个穿红衣服的女孩子
我喜欢那个穿红衣服的不喜欢我的女孩子
这三个句子的核心内容都是:I like that girl.
再如:
我打死一只苍蝇
我用手打死一只苍蝇
我用手打了三次打死一只苍蝇
我用手打了三次并在我助理的帮助下打死了一只苍蝇
这四个句子的核心内容都是:I killed a fly.
Part II:逗号原则
在一个句子的前面如果有内容,那么,请记住:
1.不到3个单词时,可以用逗号与后面句子分隔开来,也可以不用逗号分隔,具体情况根据说话人自己确定的停顿语气长短来确定。
示例1:At last he stopped playing the piano.
示例2:Sadly he picked up the broken glass and went into the room.
2.达到或超过3个单词时,必须用逗号与后面句子分隔开来。
示例1:In the end, I could not bear it.
示例2:To my surprise, he bought me a ticket!
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