雅思写作中应避免的常见错误 这样的错误让我们不禁想起韩乔生名嘴那句有名的解说:XXX以迅雷不及掩耳盗铃之势,令人忍俊不禁。
There are many students go abroad.
严重程度:
搞笑指数:
这个错误在广大雅思考生的习作中是极为普遍常见的,从中文直译考量没有任何问题:有许多学生出国留学,有这个莫名奇妙的字在中章里常被当做一种语气助词使用,习惯进行汉英翻译的考生们便因此犯了名为run - on sentences这样一个错误。A run-on sentence is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are joined without appropriate punctuation or conjunction.(两个独立完整的单句没有通过正确的标点符号或者连词进行连接)。
探究这一错误的原因,分析认为主要还是考生对英文写作的句式分割概念不清,中文句子分割常常是从意义出发,只要意思没有表达完毕,可以一句连一句地持续写下去,直至内容结束。而英文句子是按照结构划分的,只要句子含有完整的主谓结构(祈使句等除外,在雅思写作中不多见)就可以独立成句。如果忽视中英文写作表达的区别,就会出现 一逗到底的断句方式,这是很多雅思考生的顽症和恶疾。例子中的错误就在于将两个单句There are many students. 和Many students go abroad.想当然地混合在了一起。
那么我们先来看看这样的错误应该怎样来修正?
修正方法一:将句子分割成两个独立的简单句:There are many students. They go abroad.这种方法虽然没有任何语法错误,但连贯性不强而且过于简单,比较适合于写作初学者,在雅思写作中不予推荐。因此我们可以将其进行进一步的改良:1)增加连接词,根据本句的含义,可以增加表顺接的连词and:There are many students and they go abroad. 2)用分号分隔句子:There are many students; they go abroad.
修正方法二:去掉根据中文直译而多余的there be,直接恢复成一个简单句:Many students go abroad. 句子简单明了,符合英文习惯。
修正方法三:将其中一个句子保留作为主体句,根据句子意义将另外一个句子变成某个从属成分或是从句:1)There are many students going abroad. 2) There are many students who go abroad.满足了某些学生希望使用复杂句型或是非谓语动词的需求。
在此提醒考生们,无论哪种方式,都是以遵守英文写作句式的基本法则作为基础的,将雅思写作简单地等同于头脑中观点的翻译是绝对行不通的。
我们再来看一个也属于run-on sentence的例子:Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor, however others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
根据刚才我们对于run-on sentence的说明和分析,这个句子没有正确地运用连词来分隔句子,而是将however这个副词当做连词使用。这种错误在雅思考生中间也十分常见,主要问题是由于对词性把握不够。我们先根据刚才的思路重新修正一下这个句子:
1)Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor;however, others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
2)Some people think that pets make too much noise and disturb the neighbor,while others consider keeping pets a good way to kill the time.
英文写作中,不同词性后面所接的结构是很不同的,最容易混淆的三种就是副词、连词及介词,副词只能表达语气,不能改变句子原有结构;连词可以连接句子,起到连贯的效果;介词后接名词性短语。我们来试着翻译一个句子,区别一下三者的使用:由于生活的快节奏,许多人选择在外吃快餐而不是自己做饭。
1)连词:由于本句为因果关系,我们可以将前半句变成一个原因状语从句,as作为连接词:As the pace of life accelerates, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
2)介词:还是在原因上进行变化,将其变成一个句子的状语结构,选择with: With the fast pace of life, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
3)副词:将后半句变成一个具有结果意义的分句,选择therefore:The pace of life accelerates; therefore, modern people prefer to have fast food outside than cook by themselves at home.
因此,要避免run-on sentence的第二个诀窍就是要分清不同连接词的词性,根据其语法特性搭配不同的结构。
总结一下导致这种错误的两个原因:句子结构的划分不清及词性的混乱使用。针对这两个问题,在雅思写作中,建议考生务必用两个标准来确认自己是否犯错:
1)检查句子中的谓语动词数量,如果是多个动词并用,且意思并列,会出现连词如and;否则就应该被转化为非谓语动词(to do, -ing, -ed),或是从句中的成分。避免动词混用造成句子堆积。
2)确认所用连接词的词性,不要想当然地使用,借助词典,永远是学英语的好帮手。
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