一. 确定分词形式
分词作状语时,通常放在句首,并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,也就是说在确定选择现在分词仍是过去分词时,要判定主句主语与分词中央词的关系。假如句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者(即表主动或正在进行),分词形式选用现在分词;假如句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时(即表被动或完成),分词形式选用过去分词。
例:1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell
B. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk
D. Lying on the desk
分析:分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知句子的主语I只能与see保持一致。 假如选A, 该句中没有连词,没能构成并列句和主从复合句,此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析:Seen from the hill 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知,the park是Seen from the hill的逻辑主语,它们之间表示被动关系,所以分词形式用seen.
二.确立句子主语可能是谁
确立句子主语可能是谁时,仍旧遵安分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中Having been attacked by terrorists是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时,其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则,可知受攻击的应是the tall building, 即Having been attacked的逻辑主语是the tall building.句意为大楼由于受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌. 谜底: B
三.独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致,但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时,分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语,这种主语经常是名词或代词,置于动词-ing 形式或动词-ed形式之前。这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing /v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系,假如它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行,选择现在分词,假如它们之间表示被动或完成,选择过去分词。
1, 名词/代词+动词-ing
例:Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2,名词/代词+动词-ed
例:The question settled, they felt released.
3,with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed
例:With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四.分词作状语时,相称于一个状语从句。
例:______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. Im putting on
B. Having put on
C. As Im gaining
D. To gain
分析:在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部门的逻辑关系必需使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B, C两项长短谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部门的逻辑关系. 谜底: C
五.现在分词和过去分词作独立成分
英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分,不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。
常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:
Considering 考虑到
supposing 假如
generally speaking 一般说来
frankly speaking 坦白说
Judging from 从判定
talking of 说到
Concerning 关于
setting aside... 除开
Coming to 谈到
allowing for... 考虑到
Proving/provided 假定 supposing/suppose 如果
Seeing 既然
given 假设;假如;考虑到
put frankly 坦白地说
taken as a whole 总的说来
例:1. Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said.
坦白地说,我不同意他说的话。
2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考虑到他的一般身体状况,他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。
3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?
如果他病了,谁来做这工作呢?
专项训练:
1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. We cant go out in this weather, said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.
A. Having finished, followed
B. Finished, followed
C. Finishing, following
D. Being finished, being following
5. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. It was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
Key: 1-5 DBAAD
上一篇: 每日雅思词汇:美美的饰品
下一篇: 每日雅思词汇:谢耳朵的关键词
Parcel, sack, box 包裹类词语
To have deep pockets 资金雄厚
Retailer, wholesaler, distributor, outlet 几个词的区别和用法
Have egg on your face 狼狈不堪
Pull your socks up 加把劲儿
Dressed to the nines 衣冠楚楚
Talk nineteen to the dozen 说话很快,喋喋不休
Double, treble, triple, quadruple 英语中表示倍数的单词
Football and soccer 两个词的区别
Been to vs gone to 语法辨析
Infer vs conclude 两个易混词
Labour, labourer, workforce, worker 与“工作”相关的四个单词
Greetings after a short break 小别后的问候
Burn a hole in your pocket 一有钱就想花
Butterfly numbers drop a mystery, say experts 英国蝴蝶数量下降现象令专家费解
Turn a blind eye 视而不见
Is breast cancer linked to night shifts? 乳腺癌与上夜班有关系吗?
Under someone's thumb 受人控制
Strapped for cash 手头紧
Emperor/empress 和 king/queen 的区别
Objective and purpose 目标和目的
Teenager, adolescent, kid and child 英语中“孩子”的几种说法
Different types of hats 各种帽子的英文说法
Work your socks off 拼命干活
Limit 和 restrict 的区别
Almost, nearly, more or less “差不多”的三个近义词
Tasmanian devil milk fights superbugs 袋獾乳汁可对抗“超级细菌”
Shade or shadow? “阴”和“影”的区别
Take part in, join in, participate, attend 四个表示“参加”的单词或短语
Improving your vocabulary 增加词汇量