雅思听力中的选择题型包括单选题,多选题与配对题,是两大基本题型之一(另一为填空题型)。
考试中同学们对选择题型的普遍感觉是:信息出现速度快,比较杂乱,因而易错。
要解决选择题型一定要把握住听力的出题思路,亦即它的核心考查方向:Listening Comprehension(听力理解)。
1. 特点分析
为了考查考生的听力理解能力,雅思听力采用了两大方法:Indirect Information(间接信息)与Trap(干扰项)。
间接信息指的是:录音中听到的内容与正确选项中的内容貌离神合,经常是文字不一致,但意思一致。
干扰项指的是:录音中听到的内容与若干错误选项中的内容貌合神离,往往是文字一致,但意思风马牛。
例1: Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 13
The walks offered by Travellite
A. cater for a range of walking abilities.
B. are planned by guides from the local area.
C. are for people with good fitness levels.
录音:Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.
解析:干扰项为C选项,选项中的fitness levels是干扰的重点,与录音原文文字一致,但起限定作用的形容词good与录音原文中all含义不一致,所以C是错选。
正确选项为A选项,选项中的walking abilities指的就是录音原文中的fitness levels, 而a range of指的就是录音原文中的all, 因此A是正确选项.
例2: Cambridge 5 Test 2 Section 2 Question 18-20
Which THREE things can the general public do to help the charity Pedal Power?
A. organize a bicycle collection
B. repair the donated bikes
C. donate their unwanted tools
D. do voluntary work in its office
E. hold an event to raise money
F. identify areas that need bikes
G. write to the government
录音:Also, you could help by contacting the voluntary staff at our offices. Theyll be able to suggest activities you could organize to bring in funds for us.
解析:这个多选题的D选项是一个极其容易错选的干扰项,选项与录音中都有voluntary, 但意思并不一致,选项讲的是做志愿者工作,录音讲的是联系机构中的志愿者。相反,E选项虽然没有一样的文字,但意思完全对应,选项中的event和money分别就是录音里的activities和funds, 所以是正确选项。
因此得出一个结论:雅思听力中的正确选项往往不像,干扰项往往很像;
提出一点建议:Do not judge a choice by its look.
和分享一个体会:雅思听力的出题思路生动的再现了经典的英国国民性格即:含蓄或拐弯抹角。
必须特别注意的是,绝大部分选择题在解题过程中都要做到的必不可少的一步是:Paraphrase(同意转换);如all-a range of, fitness levels-walking abilities, activities-event, funds-money。
这是由于听力的根本考点是Listening Comprehension, 于是也就有了选择题型Indirect Information和Trap的特点,最后也就决定了要做好选择题型一定要做好Paraphrase; 听力中Paraphrase做的好不好,直接决定了一次考试的成败。
2. 针对方案
(以Paraphrase为核心的解题方法)
读题
解题的基础是读题,读好题相当于解了一半的题。读题的重点在于找好Keywords(关键词)。找关键词是为听题铺垫,可以让我们了解题目的内容,明确听题的侧重点。
关键词分两类:问题中的关键词Question KW与选项中的关键词Choices KW.
1) Question KW:
问题中的关键词是为了更有效的Locate(定位),也就是让我们在听题时更快速的找到录音中与问题相关的部分(雅思听力是一个Section, 10题连放),从而更加从容的进行判断。
首先,要多找名词,尤其是专有名词,如人名,地名,时间等;因为它们在录音中不容易转换为其它内容,即不易发生同意转换,因此更容易听到。
同时,不要忽视动词,因为担当谓语的动词表达的是具体的内容,因此也有定位作用,尤其是在缺少专有名词的情况下,动词就更加重要;但是,必须注意的是动词是非常容易被替换的,因此要做好同意转换的准备。
最后,充分利用偶尔出现的形容词或副词,这两种关键词都可以提示录音中有可能出现的同意转换。
例3: Cambridge 4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22
The Study for Success seminar lasts for
A. one day
B. two days
C. three days
读题:名词关键词是专有名词Study for Success, 动词关键词是lasts
录音:First, theres our Study for Success seminar on the first and second of February.
解析:名词关键词Study for Success在录音中是一字不动的出现的,使得题目在录音中非常容易被找到;然后根据last明确听题方向是持续时间,得到间接信息在二月的一号和二号,同意转换就是两天的意思,最后选择正确答案B.
例4: Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 12
Travelite currently offer walking holidays
A. only in Western Europe.
B. all over Europe.
C. outside Europe.
读题:名词关键词是旅行社的名字Travelite, 副词关键词是时间状语currently, 强调的是目前的,不是将来的,也不是过去的(将来和过去的内容在录音中都很有可能出现,进行干扰)。
录音:Thank you for calling our Travelite Walking Holiday LineWe offer guided walking tours to suit the discerning traveler in twelve different centres throughout the whole of Western Europe. We are planning to open our first centre outside this area in the coming year.
解析:旅行社的名字使得听力中很容易定位到题目。答案在the whole of Western Europe, 干扰内容在first centre outside this area, 通过planning与coming year来排除;正确选项为A, 干扰项为C.
因此,问题中关键词划取的快速原则是:名词-动词-形容词/副词。
上一篇: 详解雅思听力配对题的解题技巧(一)
下一篇: 雅思听力备考需要了解的模仿原则
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