在IELTS听力考试中,替换是出题者经常使用的一个原则,而且每套试题中都必然多次出现。这种替换出现在题干中的关键词和关键词组不会在原文中直接出现,而是用同义或近义的表达替换出现。最常见的替换如下:
1. 同义词替换。如 scientist 和 researcher 之间的替换,disadvantage 和 drawback 的替换,sign和indication的替换。
2. 同义词组的替换。如:keep to oneself 替换 be not friendly
3. 主动与被动的替换。The passengers were rescued by boats and pleasure-craft 替换 Boats and pleasure-craft came to rescue the passengers.
4. 加减关系的替换。如,某题原文为 The bottles made in most places contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.
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