曾几何时,口罩已经成了人们每日出行必备物品。有统计数据显示,口罩的网上销量甚至一度超越了避孕套。
如此重要的生活用品,怎能不了解一下关于它的各种英文表达。咱们今天就来学一学。
市面上常见的几种口罩
▌保暖口罩
Cold-weather mask
常由几层棉布构成,内夹棉絮。这类口罩通常只具有保暖的作用,可以阻隔较大颗粒的灰尘,但对于可吸入颗粒物几乎没有防护作用。
▌医用外科口罩
Surgical mask
大多都为一次性使用,不需要清洗,使用也比较方便,同时,相较于民用口罩,对呼吸道疾病的防护作用更加明显。
▌活性炭口罩
Activated Carbon mask
活性炭口罩的活性炭层可增加对异味的滤除作用,但不能增加对颗粒物的防护效果。
▌防污染口罩
Anti-pollution mask
也可称为 pollution mask 和 respirator ['respəreitə]。指能够过滤空气中的颗粒物的口罩,如3M、Vogmask一类的N95型口罩。
▌时尚口罩
trendy mask
追求时尚、潮流美感的口罩,同时也可以作为保暖作用,但一般说来,此类口罩对疾病的防护是比较微弱的。
▌另外,mask在英语中不光只是口罩,还指面罩、面具,比如化装舞会上带的面具就叫做masquerade mask。
我们今天着重讲的是防雾霾的pollution mask。
防霾口罩常用表达
▌N95型口罩 N95 mask
也可以称为N95-certified masks,或masks rated N95。
95型口罩,是NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,美国国家职业安全卫生研究所)认证的9种防颗粒物口罩中的一种。
►A mask rated N95 filters out more than 95% of particles larger than 0.3 microns.
达到N95等级的口罩可以滤除超过95%的直径大于0.3微米的颗粒物。
N99的意思就是可以滤除99%的直径大于0.3微米的颗粒物。
▌耳戴式口罩 earloop mask
▌头戴式口罩 headband mask
▌耳带、头带 strap
可调节长短的耳/头带是adjustable strap。
例句:
►Straps can go either around the head or just the ears, depending on the model.
依据口罩型号的不同,带子可以挂在耳朵上,也可以箍在头上。
▌折叠式 foldable
例句:
►One of the great advantage for this model is to be foldable, so that you can always take one with you without it taking much space.
这个型号的口罩最大优点是可以折叠,有利于随身携带,而不占用太大空间。
▌可清洗 washable
例句:
►The mask is washable many times with no loss of filtration effectiveness.
这款口罩可以多次清洗,且不会损失过滤效果。
▌滤芯 filters
可更换滤芯是replaceable filter。
例句:
►The replaceable filter is a bit difficult to switch out, but it’s not a serious problem.
可更换滤芯换起来有些困难,不过问题不大。
▌随弃式 disposable
例句:
►Check out a variety of disposable respirators that help provide protection from particles, germs gases.
快来看看各种款式的随弃式防护口罩,它们可以抵抗颗粒物、细菌和毒气。
▌一次性的 one-time-use
例句:
►Do one-time-use masks actually help to protect you?
一次性口罩真的能起防护作用吗?
▌可调节金属鼻夹 metal nose clip
这个表述比较灵活,还可以说成metal nose bar、metal nose band、metal nose bridge等。
例句:
►This mask has a metal nose clip with soft foam nose cushion for an easy and comfortable fit.
这款口罩带有金属鼻夹和柔软海绵垫,很容易贴合且很舒适。
▌呼吸阀
exhaust valve / exhalation valve
例句:
►This model comes with an exhaust valve, which offers improved comfort, especially for those having difficulty to breath comfortably while wearing the masks.
这个型号的口罩带有呼吸阀,佩戴起来更舒适,对于那些戴着口罩呼吸不畅的人来说尤其如此。
口罩的功效
人们通常从以下几个方面来测试口罩是否好用。
▌Comfort 舒适性
例如:
►These masks are usually very comfortable on the face. But their straps go behind the head and not around the ears, which is less practical for many users.
这些口罩佩戴起来通常很舒服,但是带子是箍在头上,而不是耳戴式,所以对有些人来说不是很好用。
►This mask is usually very comfortable but the plastic edges can leave skin indentations which last longer than other softer masks.
通常来讲,这种口罩佩戴起来很舒适,但是塑料边缘会在皮肤上留下印记,和其他柔软材料的口罩相比,印记消掉要花更长的时间。
▌Air leaking 密封性
例如:
►There is very little leaking if the metal nose bridge is properly pinched together.
如果把金属鼻夹夹紧的话,空气几乎不会漏进来。
►This mask is not quite as snug as some others and I did occasionally smell street odors.
这款口罩不如其他一些口罩那么贴合,我有时候能闻到街道上的气味。
▌Exercising 运动时使用
例如:
►I found it very comfortable to breathe while biking, especially if the model has an exhalation valve.
我觉得戴着这种口罩骑车呼吸十分畅通,尤其是带呼吸阀的那种型号。
►The fabric gets soggy during exercise. I also found it harder to take deeper breaths.
布料会在运动过程中浸湿,而且要深呼吸也很困难。
►I had no problems during biking or jogging with this mask and still felt able to catch a breath.
戴着这款口罩骑自行车或跑步都不成问题,还能喘得上气。
▌Fog factor 眼镜是否起雾
例如:
►I had very little fogging of my glasses with a good seal around the nose.
由于鼻子周围十分密封,所以眼镜上几乎不会起雾。
►Sometimes the nose fit isn’t perfect and my eyeglasses fog up.
有时候鼻子部分不是很贴合,我的眼镜就起雾了。
▌Longevity 使用寿命
例如:
►The mask can last at least a few days of use before losing effectiveness.
这种口罩在持续使用几天后才会失效。
►The mask itself can last for years, and you just pop in a new filter every few days.
口罩本身可以使用多年,你只要隔几天放一个滤芯进去就行了。
有用的句子
最后学一些谈论口罩的有用句子。
►I only strongly recommend truly N95-certified masks such as 3M and Vogmask.
我只强烈推荐真正通过N95认证的口罩,比如3M和Vogmask。
►The only masks that are worth buying are the N95 type.
唯一值得买的口罩就是N95的。
►If you want to protect yourself against the minuscule particles you'll need professional masks. Very pricy and inconvenient to wear.
如果你想抵抗住微颗粒,就必须使用专业面具,很贵,而且佩戴不便。
►After about 2-3 weeks of use, the mask looks horribly grey!!
用了两三周后,口罩都变灰了,可吓人!
►I've noticed that counterfeit/fake masks are a huge problem in China, and I was wondering where will I can purchase authentic 3M masks in Beijing.
我发现中国各种假冒伪劣口罩是个大问题,不知道北京哪里能买到3M正品呢。
►Many masks aren’t good for heavy breathing such as I would do while running.
有些口罩在呼吸沉重的时候,比如跑步的时候,戴着不是很适合。
►The filter life span is said to be 69 hours, so assuming that you bike 1 hour every day, that's 3 month use for one filter - not so bad.
一个滤芯的寿命据说是69个小时,假设你每天骑一小时车,那一片滤芯就可以用3个月,挺不错。
►It sometimes takes a bit of fine tuning the metal nose clip for a good seal.
有时候要稍微调一下鼻夹,才能达到好的密封效果。
►Air pollution is such a serious issue that we really need to stick with the best masks — with proven results from independent labs, not just TV advertorials and website testimonials.
现在空气污染太严重,我们真的要用最靠谱的口罩才行,得有独立实验室的检验报告,而不是电视广告和网站上贴的各种证书。
(来源:中国日报网双语资讯微信,编辑:左卓)
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