祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令。
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:
Go and wash your hands.(去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求)
Be kind to our sister.(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)
Watch your steps.(走路小心。——警告)
Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)
Keep off the grass.(勿践草坪。——禁止)
祈使句也常把主语“You表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:You go and tell him, Chris.(克立斯去告诉他。)
相关口令:
祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当,句首加don't否定变;
朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。
表现形式:
肯定结构:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
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