一、独立主格结构的形式 英语中，独立主格结构的形式有两类：一类是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。另一类是：介词with / without后接名词或代词再跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成独立主格结构。http://yingyu.chazidian.com A. 名词或代词 + 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词 1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。如： A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。 Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。 2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。如： The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。 Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。 3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。如： His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。 4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。如： The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥，我们应该小心。 5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。如： The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后，我们都出去玩。 6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。如(from http://yingyu.chazidian.com)： Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。 B. 介词with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词 1. with / without + 名词或代词 + 形容词 He spoke to us with his mouth full of food. 她口里含着食物跟我们说话。 2. with / without + 名词或代词 + 副词 He left the office with the lights on. 他离开了办公室，让灯亮着。 3. with / without + 名词或代词 + 介词短语 The engineer came with a notebook in his hand. 那个工程师手里拿着笔记本过来了。 4. with / without + 名词或代词 + -ing分词 Don’t brush your teeth with water running. 不要在刷牙时让水流着。 5. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 With so much work to do, the manager felt very worried. 这么多工作要做，经理觉得很焦急。 6. with / without + 名词或代词 + 动词的过去分词(from http://yingyu.chazidian.com) With the road blocked, they had to turn back and ran round it in another way. 由于道路被堵，他们不得不转身从另一条路绕过去。
二、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。 1. 作时间状语 School over, the students went home. 放学后，学生们都回家了。 The ceremony ended, the games began. 仪式结束后，比赛开始了。 2. 作条件状语 It being fine tomorrow, we’ll go boating. 如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。 Li Lei coming, it is not necessary to ask Wu Dong. 如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。 3. 作原因状语 The meeting being put off, we needn’t hurry. 由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。 Mr. Li being ill, Miss Yang will give us this lesson instead. 李老师病了，杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课。 4. 作伴随状语 Mr. Li comes here, with a book in his hand. 李先生手里拿着书过来了。 A smile on her face, she asked what she could do for us. 她面带微笑问道我们要什么。