(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。 (说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(General Questions):
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions):
Where do you live? 你住那儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions):
He doesn't know her, does he?
他不认识她,对不对?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
Sit down, please. 请坐。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张!
4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类:
1) 简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如:
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。
(主) (谓)
2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如:
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓) (主)(谓)
食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。
3) 复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主 + 动(SV)例如:
I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如:
John is busy. 约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如:
She studies English. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如:
Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:
My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
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