a和an的使用区别
a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。
an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。
注意
有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。
2.复数
英语中,如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。变复数时情况如下:
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.
eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕
(3)以“辅音字母+y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.
eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,
strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])
(注:以“元音字母+y结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)
(4)以元音字母。结尾的名词,变复数时情况如下:
①加eg.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes
②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios
③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos
④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时,词尾加s,
eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
⑤zero变复数时,既可加s,也可加 eg.zeros/zeroes
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.
eg.wife——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz]
(注意:roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。
eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth, child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)
请区别:German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
注意
这些词是可数名词,且单复数形式相同,所以可以写为:
This is a fish.
These are fish.
另外,fish作为鱼肉讲时是不可数的。
There is much fish on the plate.
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
9以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
9另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时,这个名词一般用单数。
eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister
但是,当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。
eg.two men teachers,three women doctors
②可用“量词+of+名词复数这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
上一篇: 不用冠词的情况
下一篇: 其他名词复数的不规则变化
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