常用英语词语辨析105组(6)

51.in the case of,in case of与in case

in the case of:as for; in a particular occasion of 至于；就……而言

例：a.Most of the students are very diligent, but it's different in the case of Mary.大多数学生很勤奋，但就玛丽而言却不是这样。b.In the case of the population.China is the largest county in the world 就人口而言，中国是世界上最大的国家 c.In the case of a physical change no new substance is formed.就物理变化来说，没有新的物质产生

in case of: for fear that sth. should happen; if sth. should happen 以防；万一 例：a.In case of rain, you'd better take an umbrella.你最好带把雨伞，以防下雨。

b. In case of fire, dial 119.如果发生火灾，拨打电话119。in case:if,for fear that如果，以防

例：a.In case he comes,let me know.如果他来的话，告诉我一声。 b.Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。

52.relationship与relation

relationship和relation都是指人或事物之间的联系。relationship指人时含义是有着很深感情的紧密关系，如：her relationship with her husband；这两个词都可以指相互关照、互为依赖的事物，如：the relation/relationship between temperature and humidity温度和湿度的关系。如果指人和组织之间的一种比较正规或松散的关系，就多用relations，如：The local community has good relations with the police. / Relations betweenour countries are improving. comrade同志，志同道合者，显然不对。

53.recall与remind

recall和remind 容易混淆，也是经常出现的考点，它们的区别如下：
① recall,bring (sth/sb) back into the mind,recollect 使想起，使回忆?
例如： I can't recall his name. 我想不起他的名字?
She recalled that he had left early. 她回忆起他已经早早走了。

② remind,inform (sb) of a fact,or tell(sb) to do sth he may have forgotten,提醒……要做
例如： Do I have to remind you yet again?还要我再一次提醒你吗?
Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable. 旅客被提醒最好服用防虐疾病药片。

54.due to, owing to与thanks to

目前普遍认为due to与owing to为同义词，但用法不同。

due to可用在be之后，如：His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.她迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。

due to也可用作状语，而owing to只用作状语，如：He was late owing to /due to the very heavy traffic.因交通拥挤，他迟到了。

due to可直接用在名词后：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very commonthat weekend.在那个周末因高速驾驶造成的交通事故很多。

thanks to相当于“on account of; because of因为，多用于褒义。

55.habit,practice与custom

这组名词一般含义为“习惯
habit指个人的“习惯，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法，如：I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.不久就回到在电视屏幕前打瞌睡的坏习惯去了。

practice 既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯，这种“习惯从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或者方法。On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.在另一方面，一想到用动物油煎马铃薯，你便会作呕。然而在许多北欧国家里，这是为大家接受的通常习惯。I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice.我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。

custom 具有 habit 和 practice 的一切含义，此外，custom 还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义。Don't be a slave to custom. 不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。It is difficult to get used to another country's custom.要适应另一个国家的风俗习惯是很困难的。

56.method, manner与way

这组词的一般含义是“方式或“方法。

method所表示的“方法可以指做某件事的具体步骤或程序，也可以指抽象概念“条理，规律。例如：We must get some method into our office filing.我们必须把公文归档工作弄出些条理来。

manner主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式，与mode意义相近，但mode更为正式。而且manner不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式方法。例如：I don't object to what she says, but Is trongly disapprove of her manner of saying it.我不反对她说的话，但她说这话的方式我很反感。Do it in a businesslike manner.要郑重其事做这事。

way 常常出现在固定词组中，故使用频率很高，虽然在不少含way的词组中，way的意思相当于method, mode,或manner，但只用way，这是约定俗成的。例如：Civilized man like such a way of living.文明人喜欢这样的生活方式。She smiled in a friendly way.她友好地笑了笑。

57.damage, destroy与ruin

都含“破坏、“毁坏的意思。damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复例: The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复例: That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了例: He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

58.at last, in time, finally与in the end

这几个词语都有“终于或“最后的意思。at last 强调久等之后 例: a. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of special type of grass?seed which would grow quickly.在火终于被扑灭的时候，森林管理局订购了好几吨特殊速生草籽。b. When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth.在牙科医生终于把药棉从我嘴中取出时，我才勉强地告诉他说，他把牙拔错了。c. At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.消防队员终于扑灭了加利福尼亚州的一场森林大火。in time 表示经过一段不定的时间之后例: a. In time, all Sam?s money was paid back in this way.山姆所有的钱终于都用这种办法归还了。b. You will learn how to do it in time.这项工作你最终总能学会做的。注:in time 还有“及时的意思。

finally 也表示久等之后，但有时表示在一系列因素的最后一个之后。例: a. After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Greece.推迟了三次度假之后，我们终于在希腊度了假。b. We need to increase productivity. We need to reduce unemployment. And finally, we need to make our exports competitive on world markets.我们需要增加生产率，减少失业率，最后我们需要使我们的出口产品在国际市场上具有竞争力。in the end 和 finally 同义，但 finally 一般位于谓语前。这些词除 finally 之外，其他三个都可以用在谓语前，也可位于谓语后。例: a. In the end, we stay at home and look after everything.最后，我们还是呆在家里照看着一切。b. He tried many ways of earning, in the end he became a farm labourer.他试过许多谋生之道，最后他做了农场工人。

59.delay, postpone与put off

均含“推迟、“延期、“延缓的意思。delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再继续进行例:The steamer was delayed by bad weather.汽轮因天气不佳而延期。postpone是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间, 在多数情况下, 后面说明改在何时进行 例:The meeting has been postponed to Friday.会议推迟到星期五举行。put off与postpone大致同义, 但较通俗口语化 例:Let?s put this off till some other time.我们还是把这搁一搁, 以后再说吧。

60.attempt与try

它们的一般含义是致力于可能成功也可能失败的某件事。attempt 的含义是去做自己希望会成功的事，常常包含冒险的意义。例：a. It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be attempted试图在火星上着陆是一件遥远的事。b. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. 一年多的时间过去之后，才作了首次尝试。

try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口语中使用 try 比使用 attempt 显得浅近通俗。但这两个词有着明显的差异。try 表示试一试，意即欲证明或检验某件事，这是attempt 所不能表达的。在表示致力于某事时，try 并不包含冒险的意思。例：a. You can try on the new coat. 这件新上衣，你可以试一试。b. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool.我想说句话，但我嘴里塞满了药棉。