【小编寄语】今天查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是英语中代词的用法及练习,一起来学习下吧!祝同学们学习进步!
代词的记忆技巧:
1.巧记物主代词: 物主代词分两家,形、名词性各一霸;his,its无变化,my,mine记牢它;
其余变形规律化,形容词(性)后加尾巴(-s)。
2.巧记:this,these靠近我,that,those离我远;this,that指单数,these,those不指单;都可用the来代替,劝君务必记心里
3.巧记:all,both,each的位置
“两前:行为动词前;半系动词前。“三后:连系动词be之后;情态动词后;助动词后。
4.巧记复合代词分合:分合皆能单独用,后加of合不成。
巧学不定代词:不定代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;单数动词作谓语,何时何地都一样。
代词在英语中,使用频率比较高,是高考常考内容之一。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。其中重点是:
1. 物主代词:本类代词又分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。这两类代词用法的最大区别是:形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质和作用,用于修饰名词;名词性物主代词具有名词性质和作用,本身就可以做主语、表语或宾语。换句话说,形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词,而名词性物主代词后面不得加名词。
例:I don't like my own bicycle, I like his.(我不喜欢我自己的自行车,我喜欢他的。)
These are not his belongings, they are mine.(这些不是他的财物,是我的。)
Some of the stamps belong to me , while the rest are (2004 上海春招)
A) him and her B ) his and hers C ) his and her D) him and hers
名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词,his and hers 等于his stamps and her stamps。题意:这些邮票中有些属于我,而其余的部分是他的和她的。所以答案B。
2. 关系代词:who,whose,whom,which,that,as,等。
1) which的用法
例:Helen was much kinder to her younger child than she was to the others,_______, of course, made the others jealous.
A) with B) that C) what D) which
which可以引导非限定性定语从句,代表前面整个句子的内容,并且在从句中做主语。因此,答案是D。再比如:He didn't mean harm, which I realized. 他没有恶意,这点我意识到了。which在这里代表前面整个句子内容,在从句中做宾语。其它三个选项的关系代词都不能指代整个主句,所以都不是答案。
例:The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _________ up to half will be from overseas.
A) in which B) for whom C) with which D) of whom
本题属于非限定性定语从句。句意指人,可先排除A,C两项。把该句非结成两个独立的句子:The course normally attract 20 students per year; up to half of them will be from overseas. 可以看出,half后应接of them, 所以答案D。
2) that的用法
可取代指人的who, whom和指物的which,分别在句中做主语和宾语。但在以下情况中只能用that,不用which, who等。
a) 在all, much, only, anything, everything, nothing, something之后
例:All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed B) for our needs
C) the thing needed D) that is needed
全句意思:“(全部)所需要的只是持续不断地供应基本的生活必需品。All在句中作主语,常常后接that引出定于从句,表示“(全部)……只是……。所以答案是D。
b) 先行被序数词修饰时
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.
(我读的第一本英代小说是狄更斯的《双城记》。)
c) 先行被形容词最高级修饰时
例:He is the most deligent student that I have ever known.(他是我认识的学生中最勤奋的。)
d) 先行部分为time, moment, day, way等
例:"You are very selfish. It's high time you _____ that you are not the most important person in the world." Edgar said to his boss angrily.
a. realized b. have realized c. realize d. should realize
这句话的意思是:“你真自私,你早该清醒了,你并不是世界上最重要的人物埃德加愤怒地对老板说。答案是A。
e) 以it引起的强调句
________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.
A) During the 1960's B) It was in the 1960's
C) That it was in the 1960's D) It was the 1960's
本题是一个强调句,四个选项中只有B) It was in the 1960's能与之构成完整的强调句型,用以强调事情发生的时间in the 1960's,it 在句中作形式主语。所以答案是B)。
f) 避免重复时
例:Who is the man that is sitting by her side?(坐在她身边的那个人是谁?)
例:However, what he needs is to be fitted into a highly organized university system quite different from _____ at home.
A) those B) which C) what D) that
从本题的句子结构来看,应填入一个替代名词system的代词。所以答案是D) that。虽然those也可代替名词,但替代的是复数名词。本句被替代的是system是单数名词,因此要用that。
注意:在以下情况中不能用that:
g) 在非限制性定语从句中
例:She has two brothers, who are both doctors. (她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。)
h) 在介词后(但如果介词移到其它位置上,还是可以用that)
例:I am going to visit the old man from whom I once learned English.(我要去拜访一位曾经教过我英语的老人。)
3) as的用法
as用做关系代词时,类似who, which,常和such, same连用,并在固定句型中出现。
例:He was an Englishman, as I knew from his accent.(他是个英国人,这是我从他的口音中得知的。)
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.(我的家乡和过去不一样了。)
例:As ____ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.
A) being B) is C) to be D) been
全句的意思是:“据今天的报纸宣布,上海出口商品博览会星期日也照常开放。As可以引出一个从句,承接前面主句的内容或引出后续主句的内容。在本句中,as其主语作用。因此,答案是B) is。is和announced一起构成从句的谓语。而being announced,been announced,或to be announced不能在句中起谓语作用。
例:Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, ______ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction
A) as for B) in view of C) in case of D) such as
空格前的意思是:“研究表明,最能增强人们幸福感的东西不是用金钱能买到的。空格后的意思:“愉快的家庭生活、友谊和工作的满足感。从上下代看,下代的内容是上代中最主要东西的列举。所以,答案是D) such as,意为“例如、诸如、象……那样。其它选项的意思是A) as for"至于、就……而言";B) in view of “鉴于,考虑到;C) in case of“万一。
3. 不定代词:在这里,我们只谈论几个重要的不定代词用法。
1) any,all, every, each都可以译成“每个人,人人,大家,both的意思是“两者都,但它们的具体异同点为:
A) all强调整体,every强调每个人,each强调每个人各自。
例:All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A) what is needed B) for our needs C) the thing needed D) that is needed
All在句中作主语,表示“全部……,后接that引出定语从句。答案是D。
B) all和every都适用于三者及三者以上的情况,前面都可以加否定词(如:not, nearly, by no means等)。而each可指包括两者在内的情况(即,要指两者中每个人的话,只能用each)。all和each都可以加of加名词,但every后面不能接of。例:The residents, _________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A) all their homes B) all whose homes C) all of whose homes D) all of their homes
全句意思是:“那些房屋全部被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的救济。两格逗号之间显然是一个定语从句,修饰the residents。选项B和C中都有关系代词whose,可以起连接作用。但是,我们可以说all of whose homes,而不能说all whose homes。所以本题的答案是C) all。选项A和D中都没有连接定语从句的关系代词,因此不对。
C) any表示“任一的、任何的
例:The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _____ chemist's.
A) each B) some C) certain D) any
全句意思是:“这种药到处有售,你可以在任何一家药房买到这种药。所以答案是D) ,其他三个选项的意思分别是:each 强调单个的,指“每个的;some “某些,某个; certain “确定的。
2.other, another,any other,the other的用法:
A) other表示“另外,而another表示“另外一个,等于an other。两者都可以做主语、定语和宾语。another只表示单数泛指的意思,而other有复数形式;特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。
B) other用于两者(或双方)的情况下,another用于三者情况下。
例:He has more concern for others than for himself.(他关心他人比关心自己更重)
例: No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _______.
A) the other B) any other C) another D) other
全句的意思是:“由于双方都不肯向另一方让步,会谈没有达成协议。空格中要填入的词表达的是两方中间的另一方,因此答案是A) the other。其他三个选项中:another 作为代词,只能指代同一类人或同一种事物中的任何一个。any other 表示一个之外的其它任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。other作为代词,其单数形式必须语the,any,some,no等连用。
例:We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let's have _____ one this month.
A) another B) more C) the other D) other
表示“再聚会一次可用have another party,所以选项A) another是答案。句中用one代替了party,一面重复。少数考生选了more。more也可表示“再……的意思,但要用在数词后面。
3. none,neither的用法
例:I have two boys but _______ of them likes sweets.
A) both B) neither C) either D) none
本题是由两个分句组成的并列复合句。连接词but在句中起连接两分句的作用,表示意思的转折。结合选项看,后一分句应含否定的意思。全句的意思是:“我有两个男孩,可是他们都不喜欢糖果。因此四个选项中,只有B) neither 和D) none有可能是答案。而none用在谈到三个或三个以上的人或物时,在谈到两个人或物时通常用neither。所以答案是B) neither。
4. anything, nothing, something
例:Frankly speaking, I'd rather you _____ anything about it for the time being.
A) didn't do B) haven't done C) don't do D) have done
全句的意思是:"坦率地说,关于这事我宁愿你目前什么都不要做"。句中的anything表示"任何事"的意思。答案是A。
1) nothing but(通常指物)与none but(通常指人):只不过,只有
例:Don't worry about that too much. It is nothing but a quiz.(不要太焦虑,这只不过是一次小测验。)
例:When he arrived, he found ________ the aged and the sick at home.
A) none but B) none other than C) nothing but D) no other than
本句的意思是:“他到家时,发现家里……老人和病人。从全句意思来看,应填入表示“只有之类意思的词,A) none but和C) nothing but都可以表示“除了…以外,没有或“只有,有可能是答案。其中,A) none but多指人,C) nothing but通常接表示物的名词,所以排除C) nothing but。而B) none other than,和D) no other than这两个选项都表示“不是别的,正是……,和本题的句意不符。
2) anything but:并不,根本不
例:He was anything but a fool.(他根本不是个傻瓜。)
5. much和many作代词的用法
例:As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _______ to ask my boss.
A) many B) most C) more D) much
全句意思:“当时我才开始熟悉这项工作,所以我有许多问题要请教我的上司。表达“许多东西或“许多事情要用much,所以答案是D) 。many,作代词时,常指“许多人或指代上下代中的可数名词。选项 B) most是最高级,用在本题显然不合适。另外,本题提供的上下代没有比较的意思,所以选项C不是答案。
6. few,a few和little,a little都可修饰名词,也可直接用作名词。
1) 当名词用时,few和a few为可数名词,而little和a little为不可数名词。
2) few后接可数名词,little后接不可数名词。
3) few 和little都是否定意思,与no意义相近,表示“几乎没有,没有,极少(少得近乎没有)的意思。
4) a few 和a little都是肯定意思,表示“有一些。
例:Even those who had _______ or no training in science might not have made their inventions if a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years before.
A) little B) much C) some D) any
本题要求选用的是与no意义相近的不定代词,所以答案是A) little。
4. 请完成并分析下列2004年高考题
1) I like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright (2004全国卷)
A. this B. that C. it D. on
2). I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but of them came(2004北京卷)
A. neither B. either C .none D. on
3). There’s cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ___ ?
(2004北京卷)
A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any
4). I had to buy _____ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.(2004上海卷)
A. both B. none C. neither D. all
5).We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ______. (2004 浙江卷)
A. none B. either C. any D. each
6).Playing tricks on others is _____ we should never do. (2004湖南卷)
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
7).The English play ___ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.(2004全国卷)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
8).______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
(2004北京卷)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
9).Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
(2004浙江卷)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
10).Luckily, we’d brought a road map without _____ we would have lost our way.(2004北京春招)
A. it B. that C. this D. which
11).There are two buildings , stands nearly a hundred feet high .(2004湖北卷)
A.the larger B.the larger of them C.the larger one that D.the larger of which
12).American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
(2004上海卷)
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
参考答案:1—5 CAADC 6---12 BCBDD DD
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