【小编寄语】今天查字典英语网小编教给同学们的是初中英语语法 冠词的用法小结,一起来学习下吧!祝同学们学习进步!
(一)不定冠词
不定冠词是限定词中的一类,是一种虚词,一般用来修饰单数可数名词,但有时也可修饰不可数名词。
一、类别用法
1.除表示某一类人或事物外,用在作补足语和同位语的名词之前,泛指某人的职业、阶级等。例如:
Mr Zhang is considered(to be)an excellent English teacher.
Wang Ling,amaths teacher,is to give us a lecture tomorrow.
但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个担任或表示称号、头衔时,则不用冠词。例如:
In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
2.在名词带有一个描绘性定语时用不定冠词。例如:
I’m going to borrow’a French novel to read.(描绘性不定式)
A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday.(描绘性形容词。常在讲故事时用, 表明讲故事的人心中的具体人,但尚未告诉人们是谁)
二、指量用法
1.不定冠词除表示“一个(I’ll be back in a day or two.)及“每一(Take the medicine th ree times a day)的意义之外,在“of+a+名词的结构中,表示“同一、“相同之意。例如:
Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age.老李跟我年龄大致相同。
My elder brother’s shoes and mine are of a size.我哥哥的鞋跟我的一样大小(一个号)。
2.a与One同源。但强调数目概念时用“One,并要重读。例如:
There’s only’one way to go.
No’one boy can carry it.
试比较:
I have a picture book.(并非强调一本)
I have’One picture book.(只有一本,没有两本、三本)。
三、用在不可数名词前,表示有一种特殊含义
1.用在一些表示动作的名词(reat,walk,look,try,sleep,breath…)之前表示“一次、“一下、“ 一会儿等。例如:
Let’s have a rest.
He made a second try.
After looking round,he decided to have a look upstairs.
2.表示“一种、“一类。例如:
“You don’t understand,said Joe,a cruel light shining in hiseyes.“你不懂,乔说,眼睛里 闪着(一种)凶狠的光。
As a child,he had to make a living.
3.表示风、雨等的“一阵。例如:
An hour later,he was woken up by a violent knocking on his door.
That’s why we are most likely to see worms after a heavy rain.
4.表示“某种程度。例如:
China has a population of over one billion.
A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold.
He seemed to be in a fever.
5.表示饮料的“一份、“一种。例如:
Mao-tai is a famous Chinese wine.
I want a black coffee.
6. A(an)相当于the same,表示“同一的意思:They are of an age.
7.两个并列名词前的不定冠词:当and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示一个人的两种身份,而实际上指的是一个人时,只在第一个名词之前使用不定冠词,第二个名词之前不加不定冠词;当and所连接的两个名词或名词短语表示两个人或两件事时,则在两个名词前面都必须加不定冠词。
8.不定冠词可用于表示价格、速度、比率等名词之前,有“每一“之义,相当于each:once a week(每周一次)
9.不定冠词用来表示“某个,用在人名及头衔前,表示说话者对此人不认识
10.不定冠词用于某些习语中:a bit of
四、其他用法
1.常用在quite,few,rather,many,half,such,what等词之后。可以采用如下的语序:quite/rather+a/an+形容词+名词(非强制性),也可以采用下列语序:a +quite/rather+形容词+名词。
例如: He is rather a fool.
What a wonderful film you have seen.
He has been to Lanzhow many a time.(=many times)
又如:half an hour,quite a big…
2.so(as,too,how)+形容词+a/an+名词(强制性语序)。
例如: She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet.
It’s too difficult a lesson for us to understand.
We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks.
How fine a day it is!
3.名词短语中含有such/what时,不定冠词也不能放在最前端,而要放在such/what之后(强制性):such/what+a/an+形容词+名词。
4.在many a man结构中,不定冠词也取特殊的位置。
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