非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
不定式的基础用法:
He told me to buy a map for him. 他叫我帮他买一张地图。(不定式作宾补)
I want to go swimming. 我要去游泳。(不定式作宾语)
现在分词(ing分词)的基础用法:
I enjoy collecting stamps. 我喜爱集邮。(ing分词作宾语)
Look! They are dancing. 看!他们在跳舞。(现在分词和are共同作谓语)
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。(ing分词作介宾)
过去分词的基础用法:
I'll have my car repaired. 我得请人修理一下我的小车。(过去分词作宾补)
We have lived here for five years. 我们在这里已经住五年了。(过去分词和have共同作谓语)