在英语单词中名词的考察除了近义词还有对反义词比纳西,一次多议用法,名词与介词搭配,动词、名词或形容词与介词的搭配;动词与副词的搭配等。这些搭配复杂多样,而这些也常常是产生词汇和语法错误的主要原因。
1. 近义词
这类题的的四个选项为意义相近的四个名词,要求考生从中选出符合题意的词。
例:1997年6月四级第40题
The newspaper didn't mention the ________ of the damage caused by the fire.
A) range B) level C) extent D) quantity
从4个选项看,空格中应该填入一个表示“程度的词,所以答案是C) extent。the extent of the damage的意思是“损失的程度。选项A) range的意思是“范围、幅度,指“可以达到或探测到的最大范围(the maximum area in which it can reach things or detect things),所以range用在这里不合适。选项B) level表示“水准、程度,指一个量表或序列中的位置(a position in a scale or rank),所以level用在本句中也不妥。选项D) quantity的意思是“数量,但damage是不可数名词,没有数量之分。因此这三项都是错误的。
例:1999年6月四级第63题
My father seemed to be in no _____ to look at my school report.
A) mood B) emotion C) attitude D) feeling
选项A) mood意思是:“情绪,与介词in搭配,be in no mood to do意为“没有心情作某事,符合题意。选项B) emotion意为“情感,感情;C) attitude意为“态度;D) feeling意为“感触,感觉。全句的意思为:“看来我的父亲没有情绪看我的成绩单。
2. 形近词
例:1999年6月四级第59题
Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful ______ in the market.
A) barrels B) batteries C) baskets D) bargains
答案是D) bargains(廉价品,便宜货)。其它选项A) barrels(桶),B) batteries(电池),C) baskets(篮子)都不符合题意。
3. 名词的用法
四级中常考的是名词的单、复数,数词+名词作定语,及名词的所有格
例:1995年6月四级第56题
I walked too much yesterday and ________ are sill aching now.
A) my leg's muscles B) my muscles of leg
C) my leg muscles D) my muscles of the leg
结合选项可知,全句意思是:“我们昨天走得太多了,现在我的腿部肌肉还在痛。“腿部肌肉在英语中的表达法是leg muscles。“手臂肌肉为arm muscles。所以选项C) my leg muscles是答案。对于其他三个选项,首先,名词所有格大多数用于表示有生命东西的名词,如:my uncle's pet。或用于表示时间和距离的名词,如:today's paper,two miles' distance。一般不能用于无生命名词,而且my leg's muscles中leg用的是单数,而句中意思是两腿都痛。所以A不对。B) my muscles of leg。同样,这里用的是单数leg,而且没有冠词,也不对。另外,如用介词of表示所属关系,其表达方式应为:the muscles of my legs,所以D) my muscles of the leg不正确。
例:1998年6月四级第56题
Americans eat _________ as they actually need every day.
A) twice as much protein B) twice protein as much
C) twice protein as much D) protein as twice much
结合选项,本句的大意是:“美洲人所食用的蛋白质是他们实际需要的两倍。表达倍数的方法是:…times as … as …,在两个as只见可用many(修饰可数名词),much(修饰不可数名词)和其它相应的词。所以答案是A) twice as much protein。
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