游陕西听说八大怪

在陕西有一些反映当地风土人情的习俗，称为“八大怪”。一怪：辣椒是主菜。在陕西，无论吃什么，店主都会端上一盘辣椒，作为一道正经八百的菜肴让你享用，二怪：蹲着吃饭怪。以前陕西虽然人杰地灵，但粮食缺少，生活比较贫困，所以节约粮食是头等大事。因为坐着吃饭量大，而蹲着相对来说吃得少一些，时间长了以后，就形成了习俗。在外人眼里就是怪毛病。当地有一句民谣“蹲着吃饱，站起来刚好”，反映的就是这种习俗。

In Shaanxi, there are some customs reflecting local customs, which are called "eight monsters". Strange: pepper is the main course. In Shaanxi, no matter what you eat, the shopkeeper will bring a plate of chili peppers as a serious 800 dishes for you to enjoy. In the past, although Shaanxi was famous for its people and land, its food was scarce and its life was relatively poor, so saving food was a top priority. Because sitting to eat a large amount, and squatting to eat relatively less, after a long time, formed a custom. In the eyes of outsiders, it's just weird. There is a local folk song "squat to eat, stand up just right", which reflects this custom.

三怪：面条皮带分不开。陕西盛产小麦，所以陕西人主要以面食为主。陕西人比较粗犷，干农活还要出大力气。所以面条拉得又宽又厚，和皮带（即腰带）一样，吃后消化慢，不容易饿，干起活来很方便。最有代表性的是一种名字叫得很怪的面条，叫“biang biang面”。“biang”字写得也很怪，难写极了，共有43画，由个10字和偏旁组成，是康熙皇帝御赐，只能在《康熙字典》里面查到。面做得也是又宽又厚，当地流传说“油泼辣子biang biang面，吃一根，顶一天；吃一碗，顶一年”。四怪：锅碗瓢盆分不开。还是因为上述原因，陕西人吃饭用的碗很大，和锅、瓢、盆一样，简直分不清楚谁是谁。不知道的，还以为陕西人太随意，或者太穷，锅、瓢、盆都用来当碗使。

Three strange: noodles belt can't be separated. Shaanxi is rich in wheat, so people in Western Shaanxi mainly eat pasta. The people in Western Shaanxi are relatively rough, and they need to make great efforts to do farm work. Therefore, the noodles are pulled wide and thick, just like the belt (i.e. belt), which is slow to digest after eating, not easy to starve, and convenient to work. The most representative is a kind of noodles called "Bian Bian noodles". The word "Bian" is also very strange and difficult to write. There are 43 paintings in total, which are composed of 10 characters and one side. It is the imperial gift of Emperor Kangxi and can only be found in the dictionary of Kangxi. The noodles are also wide and thick. According to the local legend, "one piece of noodles is poured with hot oil for one day; one bowl for one year". Four strange: pots and pans are inseparable. Because of the above reasons, people in Western Shaanxi use large bowls to eat. Like pots, ladles and basins, they can hardly tell who is who. I don't know. I thought Shaanxi people were too casual or poor. Pots, ladles and basins were used as bowlers.

五怪：房子半边盖。在陕西农村可以看到这种景象，所有的房子侧面看都是梯形，房顶一律向院子里面下斜，下雨时，雨水自然就会流入院子中间，可以储存起来慢慢用，这叫“肥水不流外人田”。因为，当地干旱少雨，水非常珍贵，他们为了生存，才有此举。表面上看起来像是一种自私的行为。六怪：锅盔锅盖分不开。锅盔是陕西人用面做的一种大饼，这个大饼象大铁锅的盖子一样又大又厚又重，常常让人感到不可思议，所以说锅盔锅盖分不开。锅盔做这么大，传说和当年修乾陵有关。唐朝武则天下令修筑乾陵的时候，兵丁都是自己解决吃饭问题，急需一种方便而且耐饥的食品。有个聪明的兵丁，用自己身上的护心和护背的金属盔甲，把和好的面捏成饼子状，夹在盔甲之中，放到火上烘烤，下工时恰好烤熟，这样面饼就作成了。因为这种饼产生在盔甲之中，就叫锅盔，一直叫到今天。这种锅盔又筋又滑，酥脆可口，长久存放也不变质。我们还从乾陵买了几个锅盔，回来慢慢享用，味道确实不错。

Five strange: half of the house is built. This kind of scene can be seen in the countryside of Shaanxi Province. All the houses are trapezoid in the side. The roof of the house inclines to the yard. When it rains, the rainwater will naturally flow into the middle of the yard and can be stored for slow use. This is called "fat water does not flow out of the field". Because the local drought and lack of rain, the water is very precious, they have to do so in order to survive. It looks like a selfish act on the surface. Six strange: the cover of the pot is inseparable. Guokui is a kind of pancake made of flour by people in Western Shaanxi. It's as big, thick and heavy as the cover of a large iron pot, which is often inconceivable. So it's impossible to separate the cover of Guokui. Guokui is so big. It's said that it's related to Qianling. When Wu Zetian ordered the construction of the Qianling mausoleum in the Tang Dynasty, all the soldiers solved the problem of eating by themselves and needed a kind of convenient and hungry food. There was a clever soldier who used his heart protecting and back protecting metal armor to make a cake like dough, put it in the armor, bake it on the fire, and bake it just at the next working hour, so that the dough would be made. Because this kind of cake is produced in the armor, it is called Guokui, until today. This kind of Guokui is smooth, crispy and delicious. It can be stored for a long time without deterioration. We also bought some pots and helmets from Qianling and enjoyed them slowly. The taste is really good.

七怪：唱戏吼起来。陕西的地方戏是秦腔，唱的时候用足了力气，声音很大，十里八乡都能听见，在外人听来如 同 吼叫、吵架一样，很不习惯。周恩来在世时，听了秦腔以后，对演员说，秦腔好听，但是唱的时候，要注意身体，保护嗓子。据说，中国各地的戏剧都是由秦腔发源起始的。八怪：姑娘不对外。可谓怪中之怪，陕西人认为他们那里是风水宝地，土地肥沃，姑娘嫁到外地会受穷，所以概不外嫁。现在随着改革开放，人们生活富裕，观念也发生了改变，这一怪变成了：大姑娘不对外，二姑娘挑着嫁，三姑娘往外踹，四姑娘飘扬过海专嫁老外。好了，我把八大怪介绍完了，你说奇怪不奇怪？

Seven Monsters: singing and roaring. Shaanxi's local opera is Qin opera, which is sung with full strength and loud voice. It can be heard in ten miles and eight townships. It sounds like roaring and quarreling to outsiders, which is not used to. When Zhou Enlai was alive, after listening to Qin opera, he said to the actors that Qin opera is pleasant to listen to, but when singing, he should pay attention to his body and protect his voice. It is said that the drama all over China originated from Qin opera. Eight Eccentrics: girls don't go out. It can be said that the strange thing is that the people in Western Shaanxi think that they are the treasure land of geomancy. The land is fertile and the girls will be poor when they marry in other places, so they will not marry outside. Now with the reform and opening up, people's lives are rich and their ideas have changed. This strange phenomenon has become: the eldest girl is not going to go abroad, the second girl is choosing to marry, the third girl is going to kick out, and the fourth girl is flying across the sea to marry the foreigner. OK, I've introduced the eight monsters. Are you surprised?