鲁迅文学奖沉潜到几时

综观整个下半年，较有影响的几个学术、文学大奖，没有一个不是进行得磕磕绊绊，而评奖结果也均是颇多非议。先是“长江《读书》奖”就学术委员会召集人能否获奖在学术界引起了一场笔伐；接下来首届老舍文学奖也“惊爆出内幕”，得奖作品居然不在候选之列！战争逐渐升级，接下来的矛头就集中到了“茅盾文学奖”这样的国家级文学大奖：初评尚未启动，评委遭质疑，入围作品遭非议，直到最近好不容易评出了奖，还被冠上了“文学界的‘狗皮膏药’”如此不雅的称号，令人哭笑不得。但事情并没有因此完结，茅盾文学奖尘埃落定，对她的姐妹奖——另一国家重量级奖项——“鲁迅文学奖”的迟迟不露出水面，人们又开始了质疑：两年一评的鲁迅文学奖“难产”了？

Looking at the whole second half of the year, none of the influential academic and literary awards were stumbling, and the results of the awards were all quite critical. First, the "Yangtze River Book Award" caused a scribble in the academic circle about whether the convener of the academic committee could win the award. Next, the first Lao She literature award also "shocked out the inside story", and the winning works were not among the candidates! The war escalated gradually, and the next focus was on the national literature awards such as "Mao Dun Literature Award": the preliminary evaluation has not yet started, the judges have been questioned, and the shortlisted works have been criticized. Until recently, it was not easy to evaluate the award, but also awarded the title of "the dog's skin plaster" in the literature field. It's hard to cry and laugh. However, it did not end. Mao Dun's literary award was settled, and her sister award, another national heavyweight award, Lu Xun's literary award, did not come to the surface. People began to question: the "difficult" Lu Xun's literary award, which was evaluated every two years?

“鲁迅文学奖”是为鼓励中国当代优秀短篇小说、中篇小说、报告文学、诗歌、散文杂文、文学理论评论、文学翻译等的创作和写作设立的，其中包括每两年评选一次全国优秀短篇小说奖、全国优秀中篇小说奖、全国报告文学奖、全国优秀诗歌奖、全国优秀散文杂文奖、全国优秀理论评论奖、全国优秀翻译彩虹奖等7个单项奖。每四年评选一次的鲁迅文学奖大奖，是中国作家协会主办的全国性重要奖项。”

Lu Xun Literature Award is set up to encourage the creation and writing of contemporary excellent short stories, novellas, reportage, poetry, prose essays, literary theory comments, literary translation, etc., including the national excellent short story award, national excellent novellas award, national reportage award, national excellent poetry award, and national excellent prose miscellaneous award once every two years There are seven individual awards, including the literature award, the national excellent Theory Review Award, and the national excellent translation rainbow award. The Lu Xun literary award, which is elected every four years, is an important national award sponsored by the Chinese Writers Association. "

第一次鲁迅文学奖评出的获奖作品包括：史铁生的《老屋小记》等6篇短篇小说，邓一光的《父亲是个兵》等10篇中篇小说，邢军纪的《锦州之恋》等15篇报告文学，李王英的《生命是一片叶子》等8种诗歌，何为的《何为散文选集》等15种散文杂文，樊骏的《认识老舍》5篇评论文学，杨德豫的《华兹华斯抒情诗选》等6部翻译作品和陈占元等25位翻译荣誉获奖者。按照评奖方案，鲁迅文学奖各单项奖每两年评选一次，首次评选完成于1997年，评选的是1995-1996年的作品。从1996年到现在已经四年过去了，按理，第二届获奖作品名单早该公布，四年一次的大奖也应见分晓。可评奖活动迟迟不见启动。

The first Lu Xun Literature Prize awarded six short stories, including Shi Tiesheng's "little story of the old house", Deng Yiguang's "father is a soldier", Xing Junji's "love in Jinzhou", Li Wangying's "life is a leaf", He Wei's "anthology of essays", Fan Jun's "understanding the old man" She has 5 pieces of critical literature, 6 translation works such as Yang Deyu's Wordsworth Lyric Poems and 25 honorary translation winners such as Chen Zhanyuan. According to the award scheme, every single award of Lu Xun Literature Award is selected once every two years. The first selection was completed in 1997, and the selected works were from 1995 to 1996. Four years have passed since 1996. It is reasonable that the list of the second prize winning works should have been published long ago, and the four-year prize should also be determined. The prize awarding activities have not been launched yet.

作为《中国作家》的资深编辑，第一届鲁迅文学奖的评委之一，杨志广向笔者道出了个中部分原委。第一次评奖带来的诸多后遗症使作协顾虑重重，不敢贸然开始第二次评奖。第一次评奖，获奖作品篇目过多，仅报告文学作品就达15个之多。如此多的作品，是否都代表了最高成就，值得商榷。二是此次评奖，单项奖是实行“包干制”，承包给各杂志社的。如报告文学一项的评定由《中国作家》杂志社承担，中篇和短篇小说分别由《小说选刊》和《人民文学》承担。参评作品虽然由各地作协推荐和评委推荐，但是在评选过程中受各主评杂志社影响较大，近亲色彩较浓。三是“地域色彩”浓厚，一方面是评委感情因素在起作用，另一方面也是出于文学观念上的差别，使得北京作家和军队作家的作品占了相对较大的比例。

As a senior editor of "Chinese writer" and one of the judges of the first Lu Xun Literature Award, Yang Zhiguang told the author part of the original story. Many sequelae brought about by the first prize appraisal made the Writers Association worried about it and dare not start the second prize appraisal. For the first time, there were too many winning works, including 15 reportage works. Whether so many works represent the highest achievement is questionable. The second is the award. The single award is contracted to each magazine under the "contract system". For example, the evaluation of reportage is undertaken by the magazine of Chinese writers, and the novella and short story are respectively undertaken by the magazine of selected novels and the people's literature. Although the works are recommended by local writers' associations and judges, they are greatly influenced by the main review magazines and have strong color of close relatives. Third, "regional color" is strong. On the one hand, the emotional factors of judges play a role. On the other hand, due to the differences in literary concepts, the works of Beijing Writers and military writers account for a relatively large proportion.

有关人士对此提出了质疑。一位获奖者表示国家文学奖是严肃文学奖，如此断断续续，影响评奖的严肃性、权威性，对创作者的积极性是极大的损害。另外，新的评奖办法，单是从数量上考虑“也是有欠缺的”。他也对彻底解决评委的“近亲问题”表示了怀疑。由于评委都是由作协指定的，以文坛有影响的评论家居多；而中国文坛的现状是：文学评论家和作家关系密切，由于人情关系而有情感上的偏向很难避免。

Some people questioned this. One winner said that the national literature award is a serious literature award, which is so intermittent that it affects the seriousness and authority of the award evaluation and greatly damages the enthusiasm of the creators. In addition, the new award-winning method is "deficient" only in terms of quantity. He also expressed doubts about the complete solution to the "close relatives problem" of the judges. Since the judges are appointed by the writers' Association, there are many influential critics in the literary world. However, the current situation in the Chinese literary world is that literary critics and writers are closely related, and it is difficult to avoid emotional bias due to human relations.

鲁迅文学奖可谓是“启而未动”。文学界的评奖，尤其鲁迅文学奖可以借鉴电影的百花奖、金鸡奖，分开来评出专家奖和群众奖。既然评委强调通俗和高雅的界限，索性将两类分开。上届鲁迅文学奖还有一个毛病就是学院派的味道太浓，特别是小说奖获奖作品，很多群众都不知道。《小说月报》坚持每年都要评出“小说月报百花奖“，完全由读者投票。而上次鲁迅文学奖的奇怪现象是读者投票评出的小说月报获奖作品没有一篇入围鲁迅文学奖。

Lu Xun's literary award can be said to be "open but not moved". In literary circles, especially Lu Xun's literary award, we can draw lessons from the Hundred Flowers Award and the Golden Rooster Award of the film, and separate the expert award and the mass award. Since the judges emphasized the boundary between popularity and elegance, they simply separated the two categories. Another drawback of the last Lu Xun Literature Award is that the flavor of the school is too strong, especially the winning works of the novel award, which many people do not know. The novel monthly insists that every year it will be awarded the "hundred flowers prize of the Novel Monthly", which is completely voted by the readers. The strange phenomenon of the last Lu Xun literary award is that none of the winning works of the monthly novel newspaper voted by readers was shortlisted for Lu Xun literary award.