中学生如何学习

举世闻名的物理学家爱因斯坦有个着名的成功公式：

Einstein, the world famous physicist, has a famous formula for success:

W=X+Y+Z

式中W代表成功。等式右边X代表勤奋，Z代表珍惜时间，Y代表正确的方法。对于广大考生来说，勤奋和珍惜时间都不是问题，而正确、高效的方法却不是每人都已经掌握。这里推荐一种高效复习方法——四轮复习法。

Where w represents success. On the right side of the equation, x stands for diligence, Z stands for cherishing time, and Y stands for the right way. For the majority of examinees, diligence and cherishing time are not problems, but the correct and efficient methods are not mastered by everyone. Here we recommend an efficient review method - four round review method.

“四轮复习法”是一种科学的学习方法，它告诉人们一个万能的公式：目标+计划+行动=成功，让学生根据人的普遍记忆规律和人类活动结构，不断提高自己的能力。

"Four round review method" is a scientific learning method, which tells people a universal formula: goal + plan + action = success, so that students can continuously improve their ability according to the general memory rule and human activity structure.

“四轮复习法”与传统的复习方法比较，有以下几个特点：

Compared with the traditional review method, "four round review method" has the following characteristics:

第一，“四轮复习法”强调知识的系统性和完整性，要求学生建立知识网络，而不像传统复习法那样以记具体的题为目标。这种方法让学生在知识网络中记忆相关知识点，考试时能按线索找到知识，并明确知识点之间的联系，为学生解题，特别是做多项选择题，提供了条件。

First, the "four round review method" emphasizes the systematization and integrity of knowledge, and requires students to establish knowledge network, rather than the traditional review method with the goal of memorizing specific topics. This method enables students to remember the relevant knowledge points in the knowledge network, find out the knowledge according to the clues during the examination, and make clear the connection between the knowledge points, so as to provide conditions for students to solve problems, especially to do multiple-choice problems.

第二，“四轮复习法”让学生从整体上把知识通过四个轮次逐步深化理解和记忆，从而对知识全面系统的掌握。而传统复习法由前向后的“渐进”式复习方法，很容易造成虎头蛇尾和边复习边遗忘的现象。“四轮复习法”改“渐进”方式为分层次“递进”方式进行复习，每一个轮次的目标明确，学生的复习印象逐步加深，最后全面掌握知识。

Second, "four round review method" enables students to deepen their understanding and memory of knowledge through four rounds, so as to master knowledge comprehensively and systematically. However, the traditional review method is "gradual" from the front to the back, which is easy to cause the phenomenon of forgetting while reviewing. The method of "four round review" is changed from "gradual" to "progressive" at different levels. The goal of each round is clear, the review impression of students is gradually deepened, and finally they master the knowledge comprehensively.

第三，“四轮复习法”与四轮复习时间表相结合，定时、定量、定问题，限期实现复习目标。学生每天学什么、学多少，心中有数，避免了盲目和混乱。

Third, the "four round review method" is combined with the four round review schedule to achieve the review objectives on a regular, quantitative and definite basis. Students know exactly what and how much to learn every day, avoiding blindness and confusion.

在使用“四轮复习法”来复习功课时，应该抓住其复习要领：

When using "four round review method" to review lessons, we should grasp its review Essentials:

1在每一轮复习过程中，各科凡需要记忆的内容都要全面无遗地识记一遍，不管能记住多少，都要背一遍。

In each round of review, all the contents that need to be memorized in each department should be memorized completely, no matter how many can be memorized, they should be recited.

2在四轮复习中，每一轮都要有所侧重。第一轮全面阅读材料、查漏补缺，在此基础上对各种知识进行梳理归纳，使之系统化。第二轮侧重解决教材中的重点难点，以及个人学习上的难点。第三轮侧重解题训练，除做一些模拟试题做考前热身外，还要针对自己在题型方面的薄弱环节进行单项训练。第四轮侧重对知识的记忆，以求在考试时仍保持“记忆犹新”。

In the four rounds of review, each round should be focused on. The first round of comprehensive reading materials, omissions and deficiencies, on this basis, a variety of knowledge are sorted out and summarized to make it systematic. The second round focuses on solving the key and difficult points in the textbook, as well as the difficulties in personal learning. The third round focuses on problem-solving training. In addition to warming up for some simulated test questions before the test, it is also necessary to carry out individual training for its weak links in question type. The fourth round focuses on the memory of knowledge, so as to keep "fresh memory" during the examination.

3前三轮时间可根据自己的潜力做些调整，第4轮15天应尽可能严格保证。在复习技巧上，一是每科在各轮都要限时定量地复习，可把各科内容化整为零，每一部分限时，分期完成；二是记忆量大的学科，在每一轮前一段少用一些时间，而在后一段多用一些时间，记忆量小的学科安排则与此相反；三是各科交替复习，提高复习效率。可将每天复习时间分成四段：早饭前、午饭前、午饭后和晚饭后，在每一段时间里复习一门课，这样可避免硬性交替，大大减轻两门功课之间的互相干扰，即心理学上所说的前摄干扰和倒摄干扰。四是外语复习每天60分钟至120分钟，最好在早晨起床后或晚上睡前，或一早一晚两头安排各占一半时间。

3. The first three rounds of time can be adjusted according to their potential, and the fourth round of 15 days should be strictly guaranteed as much as possible. In terms of review skills, first, each subject should be reviewed in a limited time and quantitative way in each round, which can divide the contents of each subject into parts and complete each part in a limited time by stages; second, for subjects with large amount of memory, use less time in the first part of each round, and use more time in the second part, the arrangement of subjects with small amount of memory is the opposite; third, each subject should be reviewed alternately to improve review efficiency. The review time can be divided into four parts: before breakfast, before lunch, after lunch and after dinner, review a lesson in each part of the time, so as to avoid hard alternation and greatly reduce the mutual interference between the two lessons, that is, the psychological pre interference and reverse interference. Fourth, foreign language review every day 60 minutes to 120 minutes, it is best to get up in the morning or at night before going to bed, or in the morning and at night, both ends of the arrangement account for half of the time.