孔子——黑暗王国里的残烛

儒家者流。盖出于司徒之官，助人君顺阴阳明教化者也。游文于六经之中，留意于仁义之际，祖述尧舜，宪章文武，宗师仲尼，以重其言，于道最为高。

Confucianists flow. Gai is an official of situ, who helps the monarch to follow Yin and Yang and become enlightened. You Wen in the six classics, pay attention to the time of benevolence and righteousness, the ancestors of Yao and Shun, charter, culture and martial arts, Zongshi Zhongni, to emphasize their words, the highest in the road.

——《汉书·艺文志》

——History of art and culture in Hanshu

孔子的长相颇怪。“生而圩顶”，就是说，他天生的脑袋畸型，头顶上中间低，四周高，司马贞说，其形状恰像倒过来的屋顶。名之曰丘，固当。不知命相学家是如何解释的。这种头顶是否暗示着承受天地之甘露阳光？孔子自学而成大才，其天赋必然很高。而其身长亦不凡，“九尺有六寸”，这在那时可以说是“硕人”了，“人皆谓之长人而异之”，人人都说他是长人，感到惊异。真正的一个齐鲁大汉。不过，这个“长人”的身影也确实够长了——长到遮蔽了整个民族漫长的历史，—个民族都—直顺着他的倒影前行两干多年了，我们何时才能走出这漫漫的阴影呢？

Confucius looks strange. "Born on the top of the polder", that is to say, he was born with a deformed head, with a low head in the middle and a high head all around. According to Sima Zhen, his shape is just like the inverted roof. The name is Qiu, which is fixed. I don't know how the numerologists explain it. Does this kind of head imply to bear the dew and sunshine of heaven and earth? Confucius learned by himself, and his talent must be very high. At that time, it could be said that he was a "great man" and "all people call him different from each other." everyone said that he is a long man, and he was surprised. A real Qilu man. However, the figure of the "long man" is really long enough - long enough to cover the long history of the whole nation, and a nation has been following his reflection for two years. When can we get out of this long shadow?

据司马迁和《孔子家语》的记载，孔子乃是商代“三仁”之一微子的后代。那个有名的“仁义之师”的统帅宋襄公，便是他的十一世祖——难怪他也像宋襄公那样泥古不化，自讨苦吃。用古老的仁义道德去对付现世的流氓强盗，这也是他家族的祖传秘诀吧，只可惜常常不灵。到孔子的六世祖孔父嘉，“五世亲尽，别为公族”，不再属王族，姓也成了“孔”。后来孔父嘉又为人所逼而奔鲁。所以孔子确实是一位“没落贵族”。到他父亲叔梁纥，便是连人丁也很寥落了：正妻连生九女，—妾生子叫孟皮，却又是个跛子。年近七十的叔梁纥大概非常绝望了。但他还要作最后的努力，于是便向颜氏求婚，颜氏少女颜征“从父命”而嫁给了古稀之年的叔梁纥。所以，司马迁说这是“野合”，“野”与“礼”相对，夫妻双方年龄差别太大，不合周礼，所以这婚姻不是“礼合”，而是“野合”。“野合而生孔子”——这实在太有意味了，为什么呢？孔子终其一生都在为“礼坏乐崩”而头疼，而愤怒，而奔走呼号，要人们“克己复礼”，孰料他本人即是个不合礼的产儿呢。如果他的那位老父亲真的克制自己来恢复周礼，可就没有孔子了。真玄哪。要知道，这不合“礼”的产儿，竟是他们这古老家族之链上最辉煌的一环，也是我们这古老民族历史上最辉煌的人物啊！

According to Sima Qian and the family language of Confucius, Confucius is the offspring of one of the "three benevolences" in the Shang Dynasty. Song Xianggong, the commander-in-chief of the famous "teacher of benevolence and righteousness", is his 11th generation ancestor - no wonder he is as ancient as song Xianggong, begging for help. It's also the ancestral secret of his family to deal with the rogue bandits in this world with the ancient morality of benevolence and righteousness, but it's often ineffective. To Confucius's sixth ancestor, Kong Fu Jia, "the fifth generation is devoted to the family, not to the public", no longer belongs to the royal family, and the surname has become "Kong". Later, Kong and Jia were forced to rush to Lu again. So Confucius is really a "declining aristocrat". To his father's uncle Liang he, even a small number of people were left: his wife gave birth to nine daughters, and his concubine gave birth to a son named Meng PI, but he was a lame again. About 70 years old, Shulianghe was probably very desperate. But he still had to make the last effort, so he proposed to Yan. Yan Zheng, a young girl of Yan's, married Shu Lianghe in the rare age "according to her father's life". Therefore, Sima Qian said that this was a "wild marriage" and "wild marriage" was opposite to "ceremony". The age difference between husband and wife was too big to be polite, so this marriage was not a "ceremony marriage", but a "wild marriage". "Confucius comes from the combination of the wild and the wild" - this really means a lot. Why? Confucius spent his whole life in a headache and anger for "bad etiquette and bad music", but he rushed to call for people to "conquer himself and restore rites". Who would have thought that he was an illegitimate child. If his old father really restrained himself to restore the rites of Zhou, there would be no Confucius. Really mysterious. You should know that this "illegitimate" child is the most brilliant link in their ancient family chain, and also the most brilliant figure in the history of our ancient nation!

宋人说，“天不生仲尼，万古长如夜”。好抬杠的李贽就此讽刺道，怪不得孔子出生之前，人们都点着蜡烛走路。我想，话不能这么说，也不是这么说的。我觉得，孔子确实是悬挂在那个遥远古世纪的一盏明灯，他使我们对那个遥远的时代不再觉得晦暗和神秘，他使那时代的人与后代乃至于我们沟通了。我们由他知道，即便在那么一个洪荒时代，也是有阳光普照着而万物不探手段地生机勃勃；那时代也发生着我们今天一样的事情：暴力和弱者的呻吟；混乱和宁静的企望；束缚与挣扎；阴谋与流血；理想碰了钉子；天真遇见邪恶；友情温暖，世态炎凉。在他手订的《诗经》中，我们甚至可以体验到最个性的感受——当那些面孔不一情性各异的个人复活时，那个时代不也就复活了吗？

Song people said, "the sky does not give birth to Zhongni, and the ages are like night.". Li Zhi, who is very proud, said that it was no wonder that before Confucius was born, people were walking with candles on. I don't think we can say that, nor can we. I think Confucius is indeed a light hanging in that distant ancient century. He makes us no longer feel dark and mysterious about that distant era. He makes people and future generations of that era communicate with us. We know from him that even in such a flood and famine era, there is sunshine and all things are alive without any means. In that era, the same things happened to us today: violence and the groan of the weak; chaos and quiet hope; bondage and struggle; conspiracy and blood flow; ideal hit a nail; innocence met evil; friendship is warm and the world is cool. In his book of songs, we can even experience the most personal feelings - when those individuals with different faces and different emotions are resurrected, isn't that era also resurrected?

孔子生活的时代也真像他所说的，确实是混乱无道。他为之伤心不已：辉煌的“郁郁乎文哉”的周王朝已是日薄西山，伟大的周公早已英魂远逝，他制定的“礼”“乐”也土崩瓦解。“弑君三十六，亡国五十二”，到处都是乱臣贼子，且个个生龙活虎。西周古都废墟上的青草与野黍也一茬一茬地青了又黄，黄了又青，根深而茎壮了，掩埋在草丛中瓦裂的陶器早已流尽了最后一滴汁液。九鼎不知去向，三礼流失民间。东周呢？龟缩在洛邑弹九之地，可怜巴巴地看着那些纵横天下的伯霸诸侯，把九州版图闹得瓜分而豆刮。

Confucius lived in a time of chaos, as he said. He was very sad for it: the brilliant Zhou Dynasty of "yuyuyuyuwenzai" was on the wane, the Great Duke of Zhou had already lost his soul, and the "Rites" and "music" he formulated also collapsed. "Killing thirty-six monarchs and 52 countries", there are disorderly subjects and thieves everywhere, and all of them are alive. The grass and wild millet on the ruins of the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty were green and yellow, yellow and green, the roots were deep and the stems were strong. The pottery buried in the grass had already drained the last drop of juice. Nine tripods are gone, three rites are lost to the people. What about Eastern Zhou? He huddled in Luoyang to play nine. He looked at those bosha princes who were dominating the world pitifully and scratched the territory of Kyushu.

无可奈何花落去，还有谁来用红巾翠袖，擦去周王混浊的老泪？连孔子本人都不曾去那里。在这种时候，要“兴灭国，继绝世，举逸民”，真无异于痴人说梦。孔子正是这样的一位痴人。痴人往往缺乏现实感。他的精神就常常脱逸出现实的背景，沉浸在过去的辉煌中，追寻着万物逝去的方向。是的，他一生都在追寻，他周游列国，颠颠簸簸，既是在找人，找一个能实施他主张的人，更是在找过去的影子，找东周昔日的文明昌盛。面对这一伟大帝国的文化废墟，孔子领悟到并承诺了自己的使命！但挽狂澜于既倒，或知其不可而为之，只不过是一种令人钦敬的悲剧精神罢了，他最终还是失败了。当他奔波倦极归来，在一条小河边饮他那匹汗马时，他偶然从平静的流水中惊见自己斑驳的两鬓，“甚矣，吾衰矣”（太惨啦！我已经衰老了！）他顿时心凉如水。这衰弱的老人，他的多少雄心都失败了，多少理想都破灭了。壮志不酬，眺望茫茫无语的宇宙，他心事浩茫。人世渺小，天道无情，青山依旧，哲人其萎。于是，一句意味深长的叹息便如一丝凉风，吹彻古今：“逝者如斯夫！”

There is no choice but to let the flowers fall. Who else can use the red scarf and green sleeve to wipe away the turbid old tears of Zhou Wang? Even Confucius himself did not go there. At such a time, to "revive and destroy the country, follow the peerless, and give up the people who have lost their lives" is really like a fool talking about a dream. Confucius is such a fool. Fools often lack a sense of reality. His spirit often escapes from the real background, immerses in the past glory, and pursues the direction of all things passing away. Yes, he has been pursuing all his life. He travels around the world, bumping and bumping. He is not only looking for someone to implement his ideas, but also looking for the shadow of the past and the prosperity of the former civilization of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Facing the cultural ruins of this great empire, Confucius understood and promised his mission! But it is only a kind of respectable tragic spirit to turn the tide back or to know that it can't be done. He failed in the end. When he came back from his tiredness, drinking his horse by a small river, he happened to see his mottled sideburns from the calm water, "what's more, I'm down" (too miserable! I'm old His heart was as cold as water. This weak old man has failed in many of his ambitions and disillusioned in many of his ideals. No reward for ambition, looking at the vast speechless universe, his mind is vast. The world is small, the heaven is merciless, the mountains are still green and the philosophers are withered. Therefore, a meaningful sigh is like a cool breeze, blowing through the ancient and modern times: "the time flies like this!"

我在几千年后的漆黑的夜里写这篇文章时，宛如见到他当初衰弱地站在苍茫高天之下的无情逝水边。那无限凄惶的老人的晚景使我大为感动。于是这篇文章的题目也就一闪而现了：这衰弱的，即将随着时间的流水逝去的老人，不就像黑暗旷野上快要燃尽的一枝蜡烛吗？四面飚风，寒意四逼，这支蜡烛艰难地闪耀……

When I wrote this article in the dark night thousands of years later, it was as if I saw him standing on the edge of the merciless passing water under the vast sky. I was greatly moved by the late scene of the old man who was in infinite dismay. So the title of this article also flashed: this weak old man, who is about to pass away with the running water of time, is not like a candle burning out in the dark field? The wind blows all around and the cold makes the candle shine hard

孔子死后，鲁哀公装模作样地悲痛一番，悼念一番，他写了一篇诔文，似乎感伤得很：“上天太不公平啦。不肯留下一位老人陪我，让我一人在鲁国孤零零的，唉，多么悲痛。”孔子的弟子子贡毫不客气地顶了回去：“生不能用，死而诔之，非礼也！”

After the death of Confucius, Lu AI's public dress model mourned and mourned. He wrote a eulogy, which seemed to be very sad: "God is not fair. I would not leave an old man to accompany me and leave me alone in the state of Lu. Alas, how sad I am. " Zi Gong, Confucius' disciple, said politely, "life can't be used, death can't be used to kill people. It's not polite!"

其实，对孔子“生不能用”的，岂止—位鲁哀公呢？孔子一生见过不少诸侯，像楚昭王，齐景公，卫灵公……等等，有谁用他呢？天下人事纷纷扬扬，新生事物层出不穷，人人都在玩新花样，搞新名堂，他老先生拿着一把过时的且是万古不变的尺子，东量量，西测测，这也不合“礼”，那也不合“乐”，到处招人惹人，别人对他敬而远之也是很自然的。同时他又像一个蹩脚的推销员，推销过时的、早已更新换代的产品。这产品不是按顾客的需求而设计，而是要以这产品的规格来设计顾客，正如韩非嘲笑他的，不是根据脚的大小来选鞋，而是根据鞋的大小来“削足”。他这么不合时宜，被人拒绝不是很正常的么？子贡以他的经济实力和外交天才，到处为老师打点鼓吹，也没有什么效果。子贡的悲痛心情是可以理解的，但过分责备鲁哀公不能用孔子，就不大合情合理啦。

In fact, Confucius "life can not be used," not only a Lu AI Gong? Confucius has seen many princes in his life, such as king Zhao of Chu, Duke Jing of Qi, Duke Ling of Wei Wait, who's using him? The world is full of people and new things emerge in endlessly. Everyone is playing with new tricks and making new famous things. His old man is holding an old and unchanging ruler. It's not "polite" to measure in the East and in the West. It's not "happy" to measure in the West. It's very natural to attract people everywhere. It's also natural for others to stay away from him. At the same time, he is like a lousy salesman, selling out of date and updated products. This product is not designed according to the needs of customers, but to design customers according to the specifications of this product. As Han Fei laughs at him, he does not choose shoes according to the size of his feet, but "cuts his feet" according to the size of his shoes. Isn't it normal for him to be rejected because he's so untimely? Zigong, with his economic strength and diplomatic genius, preached for his teachers everywhere, which had no effect. Zi Gong's grief is understandable, but it's unreasonable to blame Lu AI for not using Confucius.