古诗中的作文之道

在中国数千年的灿烂辉煌的古典文学长河中，诗歌无疑是最璀璨瑰丽的一颗明珠。其涉及的社会生活之广泛、深入，对国家民族影响之深远、巨大，恐怕是世界其他民族所无法睥睨的。它为后世的我们提供了无比丰富的可资借鉴学习的知识，其中不乏作文之道。

In thousands of years of brilliant classical literature in China, poetry is undoubtedly the most brilliant pearl. It involves a wide and deep social life, and has a profound and huge impact on the nation. I'm afraid the rest of the world can't look down on it. It provides us with a wealth of learning knowledge for future generations, including the way of composition.

“汝果欲学诗，功夫在诗外”，这是宋代陆游告诫自己儿子的肺腑之言。无论作诗、写文章，若要笔底生花、文采斐然，没有宽厚的知识基础和丰富的社会阅历，是行不通的。他还明确地说：“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事须躬行。”这更是对自己文学创作活动的生动总结。想写什么事情，想抒什么情感，想议什么问题，缺乏实践的态度，没有设身处地的思考、研究过程，纸上谈兵，常常只会打擦边球。要“行万里路，读万卷书”，做一个见多识广的人！

"If you want to learn poetry, Kung Fu is beyond poetry", this is Lu You's admonition to his son in Song Dynasty. No matter how to write poems or articles, it is not feasible to have rich knowledge and rich social experience if you want to have a brilliant writing style. He also made it clear that "you have to feel shallow on paper and never know that you have to do it." This is a vivid summary of his literary creation activities. What do you want to write, what emotions you want to express, what problems you want to discuss, lack of practical attitude, no thinking and research process in a position, and talk about things on paper, often only playing side ball. To "travel thousands of miles, read thousands of books", to be a knowledgeable person!

“忽有好诗生眼底，安排句法已难寻。”宋朝陈与义的这两句诗，形象反映了灵感在文学创作中的重要作用。如何捕捉灵感？着名作家莫言说，我始终保持着一个好习惯，就是随身总带着一个小本和一支笔，随时把想到的、见到的可写的东西记下来。是呀，常常积累，时时做有准备的头脑，何须等到“安排句法”时的苦思冥想呢？朱熹也说：“问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。”现实生活的积累是灵感不竭的源泉，是创作活动的土壤。要随时积累，做一个勤于观察、善于准备的人！

"It's hard to find a good poem to arrange syntax." These two poems of Chen and Yi in Song Dynasty reflect the important role of inspiration in literary creation. How to capture inspiration? Mo Yan, a famous writer, said that I always keep a good habit of taking a small book and a pen with me and writing down what I think and see at any time. Yes, often accumulate, always do prepared mind, how to wait until the "arrangement of syntax" of meditation? Zhu Xi also said: "ask the canal where to get such a clear, in order to have a source of fresh water." The accumulation of real life is the source of inspiration and the soil of creative activities. To accumulate at any time, be a diligent observer and good at preparation!

“吟安一个字，捻断数茎须。”（唐卢延让）有了好的材料、好的题旨，还须有好的语言来表达。炼字的功夫，一向为中国文人注重，更有甚者“两句三年得，一吟双泪流”（唐贾岛），如此煞费苦心，怎不令人感动！那么炼字的标准是什么呢？是不是生僻怪诞的才叫好？元好问说得好：“一语天然万古新，豪华落尽见真淳。”最能反映事物本质，最能表达写作意趣的，即是最好的字眼。但生活语言与写作语言毕竟是两种不同风格的语体，如实辑录生活语言，那只是一种记录而非艺术，对生活语言加以适当的再创作才是艺术。因此写作须讲求炼字，但也须追求“清水出芙蓉，天然去雕饰”的境界。要善于炼字，做一个对语言精益求精的人！

"One word for yin'an, twists and breaks several stems and whiskers." With good materials, good themes, and good language to express them. The Chinese literati have always paid attention to the Kung Fu of character refining. What's more, "two sentences in three years, a song in two tears" (Tang Jiadao), so painstaking, how can it not be touched! So what's the standard of word refining? Is it strange and strange to say hello? Yuan Haowen said well: "one language is natural, ancient and new, and luxury is pure." The best words are the ones that best reflect the essence of things and express the interest of writing. But life language and writing language are two different styles after all. It's just a record rather than an art to record life language truthfully. It's art to re create life language properly. Therefore, writing should focus on refining words, but also to pursue the realm of "water out of lotus, natural to carve". We should be good at refining words and be a person who strives for perfection in language!

“删繁就简三秋树，标新立异二月花。”清代的龚自珍不愧是文章大家，他善于从宏观上总结作文之道，明确要求写文章要结构明晰，主线分明，如秋天的乔树，枝是枝叶是叶；文章的主旨要鲜明有个性，充分表现自己的主张，不可穿新鞋走旧路、取新瓶装陈酒，人云亦云。他的文章就很好地反映了他的创作主张，值得我们认真学习。因此，要讲究谋篇布局表达个性，做一个独立思考、有大写人格的人！

"Three autumn trees are cut down, and February flowers are new and original." Gong Zizhen of the Qing Dynasty is worthy of being a great writer. He is good at summarizing the composition from a macro perspective. He clearly requires that the composition should have a clear structure and a clear main line. For example, in autumn, the branches are the branches and leaves are the leaves. The main purpose of the article should be distinct and distinctive, and fully express his own opinions. It is not allowed to wear new shoes, walk the old road, take new bottles of old wine, and follow the same example. His article reflects his creative ideas very well and is worthy of our serious study. Therefore, we should pay attention to the layout and expression of personality, and be an independent person with capital personality!

艺术都有其相通之处，古诗中的这些道理，虽多就诗而言，但对于我们的作文同样有启示作用。把每一篇文章都当做诗一样作，那么每一篇文章便都会有一颗诗的灵魂！

Art has its similarities. Although these principles in ancient poetry are mostly in terms of poetry, they are also enlightening to our composition. Treat every article as a poem, then every article will have a poem soul!