在卫生纸出现之前，人们如厕用什么呢？

随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球蔓延，多个国家出现了卫生纸抢购风潮。至于人们为啥会囤卫生纸，目前也没人能解释清楚。不过，这倒是激起了我们的好奇心，在没有卫生纸的古代，人们是怎么解决如厕卫生问题的呢？

Using the bathroom has come a long way from when ancient Greeks used stones and pieces of clay for personal hygiene. Toilet paper is one of those things that often gets taken for granted in modern times. This is definitely one of those unavoidable things in life, so through many centuries and in many cultures, everyone had their own method of staying clean.

从古希腊人用石头和粘土块作为个人卫生用品到今天的洗手间，这中间有很长的发展历程。现代人理所当然地认为如厕就应该用卫生纸。这绝对是生活中不可缺少的东西之一。许多世纪以来，不同文化的人都有自己保持清洁的方法。

Ancient Romans were a bit more sophisticated than the Greeks when it came to cleansing: They opted for a sponge on the end of a long stick that was shared by everyone in the community. When not in use, that stick stayed in a bucket of heavily salted seawater in the communal bathroom. The public facilities were also equipped with a long marble bench with holes carved out for—well, you know what they were carved out for—and holes at the front for your sponge-on-a-stick to slide through. Romans didn’t have dividing walls, either

古罗马人在清洁方面比古希腊人更先进一些：他们选择用绑在长棍末端上的海绵来保持卫生，社区内的所有人都共享这一卫生用品。没人用的时候，就把棍子浸泡在公共洗手间里的一桶浓盐海水中。公共洗手间里还配备了一把大理石长凳，凳子上挖了一个个洞——你知道这些洞是用来干什么的——前面的洞可以伸进带海绵的长棍。而且，古罗马人如厕时没有分隔墙。

Around 1391, during the Song Dynasty, a Chinese emperor decreed that large 2-foot-by-3-foot paper sheets must be made for his toilet time. Until then, people in China just used random paper products.

大约在1391年，中国的宋代时期，一位中国皇帝下令为其制作宽2英尺长3英尺（60厘米乘90厘米）的大张卫生纸。在那以前，中国人如厕用的纸都很随意。

In colonial America, things weren’t much more advanced. After settlers left Great Britain for the colonies, the best things they could find were corncobs. Ouch. It wasn’t until later that they realized they could use old newspapers and catalogs. In fact, the reason there was a hole through the corner of the Old Farmer’s Almanac was so people would be able to hang it on a hook in their outhouses.

在殖民时期的美国，如厕用品也没有先进到哪里去。在移民者离开英国前往殖民地后，他们能找到的最好的如厕用品是玉米棒子。用起来一定很疼。直到后来他们才意识到可以用旧报纸和目录册。事实上，《老农民年鉴》的边角上之所以有一个孔其实是为了方便人们将其挂在屋外厕所的挂钩上。

Even though Queen Elizabeth I’s godson invented one of the first flush toilets in 1596, commercially produced toilet paper didn’t begin circulating until 1857.

尽管伊丽莎白女王一世的教子在1596年就发明了一种最早的抽水马桶，商业化生产的卫生纸直到1857年才开始流通。

Quilted Northern, formerly Northern Tissue, advertised as late as 1935 that their toilet paper was “splinter-free.” Since the company is still big in the multi-billion dollar industry today, the marketing plan must have been a success: splinter-free tissue was obviously in very high demand. Toilet paper's appeal is not universal, however. Many in India use the left-hand-and-bucket-of-water method.

卫生纸品牌Quilted Northern（原名Northern Tissue）到1935年才开始宣传自己的卫生纸是“没有木刺”的。因为这家公司在今天这个价值数十亿美元的卫生纸行业中依然做得很大，当初的营销计划一定成功了：没有木刺的卫生纸显然需求量非常高。不过，卫生纸的吸引力也不是宇宙无敌的。印度的许多人仍然在用左手加水桶清洗的方法。

Today we can buy luxury bathroom accessories like portable bidets, toilet stools, and toilet rolls specifically for Millennials—so there’s no going back to the brush-on-a-stick days.

今天我们可以买到各种奢侈的洗手间用品，比如便携式坐浴盆、马桶垫脚凳、专门为千禧一代设计的卷纸等，所以我们绝对不会再回到那个用海绵长棍的时代了。