俄科学家发明纳米银口罩 或有助防新冠病毒

俄罗斯科学家最近发现，一种新型材料可杀死流感病毒，他们希望能将这种材料用于制造口罩，帮助人们抵御流感病毒和新型冠状病毒的侵袭。

Scientists hope a material which they say can kill bacteria and viruses could be used in face masks to help tackle the outbreak of the new coronavirus.

科学家希望，一种他们声称可以杀死细菌和病毒的材料能够用于制造口罩，以帮助应对新型冠状病毒。

The material features nanosilver, which has antibacterial properties, and was made using a process known as melt blowing. This makes polypropylene microfibers with a diameter of one micron, explained Alexander Zhanovich Medvedev, who worked on the project and leads a lab at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SBRAS). It is not clear if the research had been published in a peer-reviewed journal.

这种材料的主要成分是具有抗菌特性的纳米银，通过使用熔喷工艺制备而成。从事该项目研究工作的亚历山大·扎诺维奇·梅德韦杰夫解释说，该工艺可制成直径1微米的聚丙烯超细纤维。梅德韦杰夫目前负责俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院一个实验室的工作。目前尚不清楚这项研究是否已刊登在同行评审期刊上。

Medvedev said in a statement that he and colleagues fitted their creation in the inner layer of a conventional three-layer medical mask.

梅德韦杰夫在一份声明中说，他和同事把制成的材料装在一个常规三层医用口罩的内层。

Researchers tested the mask against the influenza A virus as well as the staphylococcus and E. coli bacteria, according to Nikolai Zakharovich Lyakhov, chief researcher at the Institute of Chemistry and Technology at the SBRAS.

该院化学和技术研究所首席研究员尼古拉·扎哈罗维奇·利亚霍夫说，研究人员测试了这种口罩抵御甲型流感病毒以及葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的性能。

When the team compared the new material with that of regular masks, ten thousand times more viruses passed through the latter.

当研究团队将这种新材料口罩与普通口罩做对比，发现穿透普通口罩的病毒数量要高出1万倍。

Lyakhov said: "Our material kills, completely deactivates viruses." However, he added it's unclear exactly how it works, and this problem must be approached in separate research projects.

利亚霍夫说：“我们的材料可以杀死以及完全抑制病毒。”不过，他接着说，尚不完全清楚该材料的工作机理，必须在其他研究项目中研究这一问题。

deactivate[diːˈæktɪveɪt]：vt.使无效；使不活动

The team believe the material could protect people against influenza A for up to 10 hours, compared to regular masks which need to be changed every one to two hours.

研究团队认为，这种材料能够保护人们免受甲型流感侵袭长达10小时，而普通口罩则需要每1到2小时更换一次。

The mask is reusable but would be more expensive than regular face masks, according to a news release from the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the SBRAS.

俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院固体化学和机械化学研究所发布的一份资讯稿称，这种新口罩可重复使用，但会比普通口罩贵。

Lyakhov said he spoke to infectious disease specialists who said that as the cloth kills the influenza A virus, "then most likely other viruses that cause respiratory infections should be exposed to the same effect."

利亚霍夫说，他与传染病专家进行了交谈。这些专家称，既然这种口罩可以杀死甲型流感病毒，“那么很可能对引起呼吸道感染的其他病毒也有同样效果”。

Medvedev said the team have developed a production line so prototypes can be made for testing by specialists.

梅德韦杰夫说，研究团队已建成一条生产线，以便制造样品供专家测试。

Lyakhov is in close contact with partners in China, he said, and is willing to send samples there for testing.

梅德韦杰夫说，利亚霍夫与中国的合作伙伴保持着密切联系，愿意将样品送到中国进行测试。

Dr. Amesh Adalja, a scholar at the Center for Health Security at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health told Market Watch most people don't know how to use the masks correctly in order avoid catching infections. What's more, those rushing out to buy them could lead to supply shortages, meaning health care providers struggle to access them.

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院卫生安全中心学者阿梅什·阿达尔贾博士对市场观察网站说，大多数人不知道如何正确使用口罩以避免感染病毒。此外，那些冲出去购买口罩的人可能导致供应短缺，这意味着医护人员难以获得口罩。

一起来看一段视频，学习一下如何正确选择和佩戴口罩：

As there is no vaccine against novel coronavirus, the CDC asks the public to follow the usual steps to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses.

由于没有针对新型冠状病毒的疫苗，美国疾病控制和预防中心要求公众遵循常规措施来防止呼吸道病毒的传播。

These include washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, particularly after using the bathroom, before eating, and after coughing, sneezing or blowing your nose. When sneezing or coughing, cover your mouth with a tissue or your elbow and throw away the tissue immediately. Try not to touch your eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands. Stay at home if you are sick, and if you are well, avoid those who are ill. Objects and surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected regularly using spray or wipes.

这些常规措施包括：常用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒，尤其是在使用卫生间后、进食前以及咳嗽、打喷嚏或擤鼻涕之后；打喷嚏或咳嗽时，应用纸巾或手肘捂住嘴，随后立即扔掉纸巾；尽量不要用没洗过的手触摸眼睛、鼻子或嘴；生病时请待在家里；如果你很健康，请避免接触病人；物品及各种表面应定期使用喷雾或抹布清洁和消毒。