带你毁童年：格林童话的真面目

未婚先孕、暴力、虐童、乱伦……也许你很难把这些刺眼的字眼与纯洁的格林童话联系在一起，可是事实就是这么残酷，原版的格林童话就是这么的……很黄很暴力。我们耳熟能详的《灰姑娘》《白雪公主》《青蛙王子》，竟然有这么抹不去的从前。今天，跟着小编一起毁童年。

Premarital sex 婚前性行为

In the original version of "Rapunzel," published in 1812, a prince impregnates the title character after the two spend many days together living in "joy and pleasure." "Hans Dumm," meanwhile, is about a man who impregnates a princess simply by wishing it, and in "The Frog King" a princess spends the night with her suitor once he turns into a handsome bachelor. The Grimms stripped the sex scenes from later versions of "Rapunzel" and "The Frog King" and eliminated "Hans Dumm" entirely. But hidden sexual innuendos in "Grimm's Fairy Tales" remained, according to psychoanalysts, including Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm, who examined the book in the 20th century.

1812年出版的原版《长发公主》中，公主在与王子度过了"欢愉"的数天后未婚先孕。而在《傻瓜汉斯》中，主角能通过意念让公主怀孕。《青蛙王子》中的公主在青蛙变回帅气的单身汉后，与他共度良宵。在后来的版本中，格林兄弟删除了《长发公主》和《青蛙王子》中有关"性"的情节，并把《傻瓜汉斯》整篇彻底删除。但是，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和埃利希·弗洛姆等心理分析学家称，格林童话中仍残留不少"性暗示"的情节。

Graphic violence 暴力描绘

Although the brothers Grimm toned down the sex in later editions of their work, they actually ramped up the violence. A particularly horrific incident occurs in "The Robber Bridegroom," when some bandits drag a maiden into their underground hideout, force her to drink wine until her heart bursts, rip off her clothes and then hack her body into pieces. Other tales have similarly gory episodes. In "Cinderella" the evil stepsisters cut off their toes and heels trying to make the slipper fit and later have their eyes pecked out by doves; in "The Six Swans" an evil mother-in-law is burned at the stake; in "The Goose Maid" a false bride is stripped naked, thrown into a barrel filled with nails and dragged through the streets; and in "Snow White" the wicked queen dies after being forced to dance in red-hot iron shoes. Even the love stories contain violence. The princess in "The Frog King" turns her amphibian companion into a human not by kissing it, but instead by hurling it against a wall in frustration.

尽管格林兄弟在后来的版本中削弱了故事中的性情节，另一方面，他们加足马力绘声绘色的描绘了许多暴力画面。比如《强盗新郎》中现十分恐怖一幕：几个土匪把一个少女拖入地下窝点，强迫她喝酒直到她心脏破裂。然后他们脱光了她的衣服，把她分尸。另一个血淋淋的故事竟然发生在鼎鼎大名的《灰姑娘》中：灰姑娘两个恶毒的姐姐为了能穿上水晶鞋，竟然切掉了她们的脚趾和脚后跟。她们的下场也很悲惨——被鸽子啄瞎了眼睛。在《六只天鹅》中，邪恶的继母被绑在一根柱子上烧死；《牧鹅姑娘》中的假新娘被脱光了衣服扔进一个装满钉子的木桶，然后游街示众；而《白雪公主》中的邪恶皇后，被强迫穿着烧红了的铁鞋跳舞，最后被折磨致死。即使是浪漫的爱情故事，也包含暴力情节。《青蛙王子》中的青蛙不是被公主深情一吻变回帅哥的，而是被用力扔到墙上变身的……

Child abuse 虐童

Even more shockingly, much of the violence in "Grimm's Fairy Tales" is directed at children. Snow White is just 7 years old when the huntsman takes her into the forest with orders to bring back her liver and lungs. In "The Juniper Tree" a woman decapitates her stepson as he bends down to get an apple. She then chops up his body, cooks him in a stew and serves it to her husband, who enjoys the meal so much he asks for seconds. Snow White eventually wins the day, as does the boy in "The Juniper Tree," who is brought back to life. But not every child in the Grimms' book is so lucky. The title character in "Frau Trude" turns a disobedient girl into a block of wood and tosses her into a fire. And in "The Stubborn Child" a youngster dies after God lets him become sick.

更让人震惊的是，格林童话里的许多暴力情节，受害者都是孩子。白雪公主被猎人带去森林时，只有7岁，而猎人正奉命取她的肝和肺。在《杜松树》中，继子弯腰捡苹果时，继母砍掉了他的头。继母后又把他分尸炖煮，让自己的丈夫吃掉。丈夫竟然很享用这顿"大餐"，还想再吃一次。尽管白雪公主最终幸福的和王子生活在了一起，《杜松树》里的小男孩也起死回生，但不是所有出现在格林童话中的孩子都那么幸运。《特鲁得太太》里的主角把一个叛逆的小女孩变成了一块木头，扔进火堆。而在《固执的小孩》中，上帝让一个年轻人生病，最后悲惨病死。

Anti-Semitism 反犹太主义

The Grimms gathered over 200 tales for their collection, three of which contained Jewish characters. In "The Jew in the Brambles" the protagonist happily torments a Jew by forcing him to dance in a thicket of thorns. He also insults the Jew, calling him a "dirty dog," among other things. The Jew in the story turns out to be a thief and is hanged. In "The Good Bargain" a Jewish man is likewise portrayed as a penny-pinching swindler. During the Third Reich, the Nazis adopted the Grimms' tales for propaganda purposes. They claimed, for instance, that Little Red Riding Hood symbolized the German people suffering at the hands of the Jewish wolf, and that Cinderella's Aryan purity distinguished her from her mongrel stepsisters.

格林童话收录了200多个故事，其中三个涉及到犹太角色。在《荆棘中的犹太人》中，主角兴致勃勃的让一个犹太人在长满尖刺的灌木丛中跳舞。他还用了"肮脏的狗"等词辱骂犹太人。故事中的犹太人其实是个小偷，最后难逃被吊死的命运。在《好交易》中，一个犹太男人被描绘为守财吝啬的骗子。第三帝国时期，纳粹曾用格林童话作为宣传工具。比如，他们称，《小红帽》象征着在犹太狼魔爪生活下的德国人，灰姑娘的"雅利安"血统让她优于她的两个血统不纯的继姐。

Incest 乱伦

In "All-Kinds-of-Fur" a king promises his dying wife that he will only remarry if his new bride is as beautiful as her. Unfortunately, no such woman exists in the whole world except his daughter, who ends up escaping his clutches by fleeing into the wilderness. While interviewing sources, the Grimms likewise heard versions of a different story–"The Girl Without Hands"–with an incestuous father. Nonetheless, in all editions of their book they recast this father as the devil.

在《千皮兽》中，国王向将死的妻子保证，他只有在未来的新娘和她一样漂亮时才会再娶。然而，世界上只有他的女儿和自己的妻子一样美丽。国王的女儿逃到荒野，才免遭父亲的魔爪。在收集故事素材时，格林兄弟还听到过有关乱伦父亲的其它版本——《没有手的女孩》。然而，在所有的版本中，格林兄弟都重塑了这个父亲的恶魔形象。

Wicked mothers 邪恶的母亲

Evil stepparents are a dime a dozen in fairy tales, but the Grimms originally included some evil biological mothers as well. In the 1812 version of "Hansel and Gretel," a wife persuades her husband to abandon their children in the woods because they don't have enough food to feed them. Snow White also has an evil mother, who at first wishes for and then become infuriated by her daughter's beauty. The Grimms turned both of these characters into stepmothers in subsequent editions, and mothers have essentially remained off the hook ever since in the retelling of these stories.

童话故事里继父继母是常客，但在原版的格林童话中，也有不少恶毒的亲生母亲。在1812年版本的《奇幻森林历险记》中，因为没有足够的食物，一个妻子说服丈夫在丛林中抛弃了他们的孩子。白雪公主的生母也很邪恶，她起先希望女儿貌美，之后又因为女儿的貌美而倍感愤怒。格林兄弟在此后的版本中，把这些邪恶的生母都变成了继母，而亲生母亲在后来的版本中都摆脱了邪恶的头衔。