年终总结：2013年职场十大趋势

This year, through primary research through my company and secondary research by a variety of trusted sources, I’ve tracked ten major workplace trends affecting the world of work. They focus on the generational shift, the rise of freelancing, the skills gap and more. From a professional perspective, understanding these trends will give you the leg up as you make career choices. From the corporate perspective, these trends will help you make more informed business decisions. Here are my top ten:

今年，根据我公司对一系列可靠资源的初步研究和二次研究，我已跟踪到会给工作领域造成影响的职场十大趋势。他们集中在世代交替、自由职业者的崛起和技能差距等等。从专业的角度来看，当你做出职业抉择的时候，了解这些趋势将助你一臂之力。从企业的角度来看，这些趋势将有助于你做出更加明智的商业决策。这里是我列举出的前十大趋势：

1. Millennials will rise up.

1. “千禧一代”将崛起。

Despite all the reports of the poor economy and the high unemployment rate for Gen Y, they will start to get jobs again. They will become nearly 30% of the American workforce next year and that number will increase substantially in the next five to ten years. As millennials enter and boomers retire, new life will be breathed into corporations and policies will change rapidly.

虽然“Y世代”（1974-1980年出生的人）面临艰难的经济形势和高企的失业率，但是他们将重新开始找到工作。明年他们在美国就业人口中所占比例将接近30%，在未来五到十年，那个数字还将大幅增加。随着“千禧一代”（1984-1995年出生的人）加入劳动大军和婴儿潮（1946-1964年出生的人）一代的退休，企业被注入新的生机，政策将迅速改变。

2. Working from home becomes mainstream.

2. 在家工作成为主流。

We’ve heard some companies trusting their employees enough to let them work from home. In 2013, companies will realize the cost savings and the productivity increase and give their employees more flexibility. While in years past flexibility programs were viewed as a perk, they will become more standardized and expected. One of the best examples is Aetna. 47% of their 35,000 employees work from home and they have saved an estimated 15% to 25% on real estate costs at an annual savings of about $80 million.

我们都听说因为一些企业对他们的员工足够信任以至允许他们在家办公。2013年，企业将不仅意识到在家工作有助节约成本和提高工作效率，还将给予其员工更多的灵活性。在过去的几年中，虽然弹性工作制被视为是一种福利，但他们将变得更加标准化，需求也将越来越大。最好的案例之一就是美国安泰保险公司（Aetna）。在该公司3.5万人的员工当中，有47%的职员在家工作，如此一来，这能够为公司省下15%到25%的办公场地成本，每年节省的经费估计高达越8,000万美元。

3. Emphasis on employee engagement.

3. 重视员工敬业度。

Employers are still having major retention problems and it’s costing them a fortune. In 2013, they will focus more on employee engagement to increase their retention rates. An October survey by MSW Research and Dale Carnegie Training found only a mere 29% of employees are fully engaged. One example is when MGM Resorts put on an entire show for their employees this month.

员工留存仍然是雇主面临的大问题，这将花掉他们一大笔钱。2013年，他们将更加重视员工的敬业度，而不是他们的员工留存率。MSW研究公司和戴尔-卡耐基培训学校10月份的一项调查显示仅有区区29%的员工会全身心投入工作。其中一个事例是美高梅国际酒店集团（MGM Resorts）在这个月为他们的员工奉献了一场完整的演出。

4. More boomers retire.

4. 越来越多的婴儿潮一代人退休。

The shift in workplace demographics is finally upon us. Boomers will start to leave the workplace and retire next year and it’s about time. This will free up positions for Gen X and Gen Y to take leadership roles. The question is which generation will seize their roles?

职场人口结构的转变最终落在了我们身上。婴儿潮一代人将开始离开职场，并在明年退休，现在是时候了。这将为X和Y世代的人腾出工作岗位去担任领导职务。问题是，哪一代人将会拿到到这些职位？

5. Intrapreneurship is embraced.

5. 支持内部创业精神。

Companies are starting to understand how entrepreneurial Gen Y is and in order to compete with startups, intrapreneurship programs will take off. Aside from EY, PwC, DreamWorks, Microsoft, Google and Facebook, LinkedIn has now created their own program called “[in]cubator.” Employees with an idea can organize a team and pitch their project to executive staff once a quarter.

企业正开始了解Y世代的创业精神，为了与初创企业竞争，内部创业项目将开始启动。除了安永、普华永道、梦工厂、微软公司、谷歌和Facebook，LinkedIn目前已经创建了他们自己的项目，名为“孵化器”。有想法的员工可以组织一个团队，每季度向他们的高管推销一次他们的计划。

6. Freelance nation booms.

6. 自由职业的大爆发。

We keep hearing about the surplus of freelancers out there and it’s just the beginning. Next year, there will be millions more freelancers, replacing full-time workers. Companies will hire experts to solve problems instead of full-time employees and save on benefit packages. This is due to the economy and how corporations operate now. One third of American workers are freelancers, reports NBC News.

我们不断耳闻有关自由职业者供大于求的消息，这仅仅是个开端。明年，美国将涌现出数百万自由职业者，取代全职员工。企业将聘请专家来解决问题，而非全职员工，从而节省福利开支。自由职业者的兴起与美国目前的经济形势和企业运营方式有关。据美国国家广播公司资讯网报道，现在美国有三分之一的劳动者是自由职业者。

7. The skills gap shrinks.

7. 技能差距缩小。

As of this year, there are over 12 million people who are unemployed and 3.6 million open positions, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics. American Manufacturers have 600,000 unfilled positions and 34% of companies say they are having trouble filling open positions. I see this skills gap shrinking as new talent enters the workforce, companies work with schools to train the next generation workforce and people realize that they need new skills in order to get jobs.

据美国劳工统计局的数据显示，就在今年，美国有超过1,200万人在家待业，同时有360万个空缺岗位。美国的制造商有60万个职位处于空缺状态，34%的企业表示他们在填补这些空缺职位时遇到了麻烦。随着新人才加入劳动大军，加上企业和学校合作培养新一代劳动力，同时人们意识到为了得到工作需要掌握新的技能，这种情况下，我预计技能差距将会缩小。

8. Internal hiring takes off.

8. 内部招聘开始流行。

It costs companies 1.7x as much to hire an external candidate. The top reason why millennials leave companies is lack of career opportunities. My research shows that companies are starting to give opportunities to their employees over anyone else. This also means that job seekers will suffer. Internal hiring is good for employee morale, saves them money and is quicker (weeks versus months).

公司雇佣外部候选人的成本是内部招聘的1.7倍。“千禧一代”离开公司最主要的原因是缺乏职业发展机会。我的研究显示企业开始向他们自己的员工提供机会。这同样意味着求职者将遭受打击。内部招聘可以提振员工士气，节省成本，而且到岗更快（相比外部招聘几个月才能到岗，内部招聘几周就能人员到位）。

9. Employees become social advocates.

9. 员工成为社交网络的拥趸。

Companies will start to leverage their talent in order to recruit and market. They will finally realize that they can just use their employees to get the word out instead of wasting money on advertising. Companies will become publishers and in some capacity compete with the likes of magazines and newspapers. IBM, for instance, has 32,000 employee blogs that touch on every area of their business.

为了招募人手和营销，企业将开始利用员工的社交才华。企业最终将意识到，只要能调动员工在社交网络上开展宣传，效果远好过把钱浪费在广告上。公司将成为内容发布者，在一定程度上与杂志和报纸这样的传媒形成竞争。比如，IBM，拥有3.2万个员工，其员工博客涉及到他们业务的各个领域。

10. Women start to outpace men at work.

10. 女性开始在工作中超过男性。

One billion women will enter the workplace in the next decade. Research shows that they are more educated than men and many are saying that they will start taking leadership positions away from them. Sheryl Sandberg and Marissa Mayer are just the beginning. Look for more females to break into top roles next year and beyond.

在未来十年内，将有10亿女性加入到劳动大军。研究显示，她们的受教育程度要高于男性，许多女性认为她们将开始担任领导角色。雪莉-桑德伯格和玛丽莎-梅耶尔只是个开始。期待今后有更多女性成功进入高管行列。