纪念计算机科学之父艾伦•图灵100周年诞辰

今天是中国传统节日——端午节，国内很多搜索引擎纷纷换上了端午节logo，而谷歌更换的logo则是为了纪念计算机科学之父艾伦·图灵，该logo是一个图灵机模型，一条纸带被分成多个小格，可以用鼠标操作模拟修改格子里值。今天是图灵诞辰100周年纪念，对于谷歌这样的计算机科技企业来说，这一doodle确实意义非凡。

艾伦·图灵为计算机科学的发展做出了突出贡献，而其因同性恋身份遭受的迫害也颇为人唏嘘，一起来看看他的身平介绍吧！

Alan Turing was a remarkable British hero who helped create the modern world. Now known as the father of computer science, his inventions contributed greatly to the groundwork for the modern computer.

艾伦·图灵是帮助开拓现代世界的英国英雄。被称为计算机科学之父的他为现代计算机的基础工作做出了卓越贡献。

Born on June 23rd, 1912, in Maida Vale, Alan Turing grew up in Hastings. He displayed great individuality from a young age. At 14 he went to Sherborne School in Dorset. On discovering that there would be a general strike on his first day he took it upon himself to cycle the 60 or so miles to school on his own.

图灵于1912年6月23日出生于麦达维尔，后在黑斯廷斯长大。他在很小年纪就展示出过人的天分，14岁时他前往多赛特的谢伯恩学校上学。开学的第一天，刚好遇上了大罢工。图灵决心要赶上第一天的课，于是他独自骑了六十英里的自行车去上学。

Turing subsequently read mathematics at Cambridge, later assisting in the development of the innovative Manchester computers.

随后，图灵进入剑桥大学学习数学，后来，他协助研制曼彻斯特马克一号，即世界上最早的计算机之一。

On 4 September 1939 the day after Britain declared war on Germany, Turing reported to Bletchley Park, the wartime station of the Government Code and Cypher School and forerunner of GCHQ. At Bletchley, Turing led a team whose ingenuity and intellect were turned to the task of breaking German ciphers. One of Turing’s main contributions whilst there was to invent the Bombe, an electromechanical machine used to find the daily settings of the Enigma machine. A fully functional rebuild of the Bombe can be found today at Bletchley Park, along with the excellent Turing exhibition, I encourage you to visit.

1939年9月4日，即英国对德宣战的第二天，图灵前往布莱切利公园（即战时政府信号密码学校，政府通信总部的前身）报到。在这里，图灵领导了一个小组负责破译德军密码。当时，图灵的最大贡献是发明名为Bombe的电机装置，用于发现德国Enigma密码机的日常设置。今天，在布莱切利公园还有图灵和Bombe的纪念展示，非常值得一看。

Alan Turing was an absolutely vital part of the British war effort and one of the most important people of the 20th century. It is without question that his efforts helped shorten the war significantly, saving the lives of millions of people.

毫无疑问，图灵是促进英国在二战中取得胜利的重要因素，同时也是二十世纪最伟大的人物之一。他的努力促进了战争的早日结束，挽救了数百万人的生命。

And yet, he was treated badly. A burglary at his home led Turing to admit to police that he was a practicing homosexual, at a time when it was illegal in Britain. This led to his arrest and conviction in 1952 for ‘gross indecency’. Turing was subsequently forced to choose between imprisonment and chemical castration. He chose chemical castration. As a result of his conviction he lost security clearance and was not allowed to continue his work.

然而，他却受到了不公正对待。一件发生在他家里的盗窃案迫使他向警方承认他是同性恋，而在那时，同性恋在英国是违法的。他因此被捕，并于1952年因“严重猥亵行为”而定罪。最后，他被迫在监禁和化学阉割二者中做出选择，他选择了化学阉割。而因为这所谓的“罪行”，他失去了安全许可权利，工作也被迫中止。

On 8 June 1954 Turing was found dead and an inquest revealed he had poisoned himself with cyanide.

1954年6月8日，图灵死亡，判决认定他是食用氰化物自杀。

The US-based Association of Computing Machinery has given The Turing Award annually since 1966. It is the computing world’s highest honour for technical contribution to the computing community and considered equivalent to the Nobel prize.

美国计算机协会从1966年开始设立图灵奖，它是计算机界最负盛名、最崇高的一个奖项，有“计算机界的诺贝尔奖”之称。