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The Cruelty of Milking Bear Bile 取熊胆之残忍

Recent developments show that approximately 9,000 bears are kept for bear bile farming. 最近的调查显示，大约有9000只黑熊在熊胆养殖场被圈养。

Each day, hundreds of bears are surgically mutilated for their gall bile on bear farms in China. 在中国的月熊养殖场，每天有上百只月熊因被人类用外科手段活取熊胆而致残。

In China, before 1996, to milk bile meant to insert a metal or rubber tube directly into bear's gall bladder, leading the bile run through the tube. People often prevented the wound healing. And to prevent the bears from taking away the tube, people would dress the bear with an armour. 活熊取胆意味着用一根长10cm~20cm不等的金属或橡胶质地导管穿过腹壁直插胆囊。胆汁便顺着这根导管汩汩抽出，一般一天抽两次。为增加胆汁的流出量，熊场会用特制的针管抽扎进胆囊取胆汁。疼得惨嚎的熊会把自己抓得血肉模糊。甚至将内脏拉扯出来。为了防止伤口愈合，人们会不时挑拨创口，为阻止黑熊自己拨开抽管，还会给它们穿上重达10公斤的铁马甲。

After 1996, tube and armour were forbidden to use, bile fistula implantations took place of it. However, this method also cause great suffering to the bears. 1996年林业部下达了使用无管引流的通知——不再允许使用金属管或者铁马甲，改用肠衣在熊腹部开个肉管道直通胆囊进行引流。无管引流在黑熊的腹壁留下一个长期的开放性创口，极易造成感染，不断流出的胆汁还会使黑熊的皮肤溃疡。没有准确插入胆囊的器具还会直刺腹腔，造成肝脏破裂。

Chinese specialists in bear farming techniques inform that for every two successful bile fistula implantations, there are another two or three bear deaths due to complications and infections. 中国研究养殖黑熊技术的专家们指出，每两只成功植入导管的黑熊，就会有另外两到三只因并发症和受感染而死亡。

During bile milking, the bears show signs of severe distress. Moaning and banging of heads against the cage is common, while some bears were seen to chew their own paws. Even after they are set free, they always unconsciously shake their heads, for this has become their habit. 在被挤取胆汁时，黑熊们表现出极其痛苦的样子。它们痛苦地呻吟，用头部猛撞笼子，这些都是很常见的，有些黑熊更因太痛了而啃咬自己的手掌。即便它们被解救出来，它们还是会经常不自觉地甩头，因为这已成为它们的习惯。

From the age of three, these bears are put in the cage for bear bile. Bears can easily get liver cancer without enough bile. While bears stop producing bile, they are then put in another cage, where they wait, either until death comes through sickness or starvation, or they are killed for their paws and gall bladders. 很多养熊户便将黑熊长期囚禁于狭窄的铁笼中，从它三岁开始取胆至死，历时十五至二十年。胆汁的分泌是有限的，长期丢失胆汁就意味着导致生产胆汁的肝细胞不堪重负而病变甚至癌变。当这些熊不能再产出胆汁时，它们会被送入另一个笼子，在那里，它们等待，直到因疾病或饥饿而死亡，或者因人们想得到它们的熊掌和胆囊而被杀死。

Is Bear Bile on your shelf or in your diet? 熊胆是你的“万金油”还是你的盘中餐？

In recent years, there has been a dramatic growth in the production of bear bile products, which has spawned a market for a whole new range of items far removed from the formulations of traditional Chinese medicine. Today, bile is used as an ingredient in shampoo, wine, eye drops and all manner of pre-prepared ointments. 最近几年，熊胆产品的需求急剧增加，市场上大量生产新一代的有关熊胆的产品，远远脱离了熊胆只作为中国传统药品的构想。现在，熊胆也作为洗发精、红酒、滴眼液的成分之一，还被制成各式各样的预先加工好的药膏。

There are many alternatives to Bear Bile 很多药物可以替代熊胆的功能

There are many alternatives to bear bile on the market, containing the active constituent found in bear bile: UrsoDeoxyCholic Acid (UDCA). It is estimated that 100,000 kg of synthesised UDCA is already being consumed each year in China, Japan and South Korea, and that the world consumption may be double this figure. 市场上有很多可以替代熊胆功能的药物，包括在熊胆上发现的有效成分：熊脱氧胆酸。根据估计，每年大约有10万千克人工合成的熊脱氧胆酸在中国、日本和南韩售卖并使用。全球消费量可能是这个数目的双倍。

Many Chinese practitioners also state that there are at least 75 herbal alternatives that can replace the use of bear bile. 很多中国药品从业人员称，至少有75种草药可以替代熊胆。

A passionate advocate for animals, Jackie Chan has once again teamed up with the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) to create awareness of a little-known example of appalling cruelty to animals — bear farming in Asia. He called for an end to the cruel practice and showing the intense suffering and deplorable conditions bears on farms are forced to endure. 作为一名提倡关爱动物的名人，成龙先生曾联同World Society for the Protection of Animals（世界动物保护会）做公益广告，想引起各界对亚洲黑熊养殖的关注，提出此种养殖对动物之残忍，需要各界提高保护意识。在公益广告中，他呼吁停止这种残酷对待动物的行为，还播放了黑熊们在养殖场凄惨沉痛的境遇。