国家地理杂志：2011年度最佳资讯图片

Japan Tsunami

日本海啸

A tsunami-tossed boat rests on top of a building amid a sea of debris in Otsuchi, Iwate Prefecture, on March 14—days after a magnitude 8.9 earthquake struck off the northeastern coast of Japan, triggering a devastating tsunami.

3月14日，日本岩手县大槌町，一艘船被冲到屋顶，四周被无数碎片包围。11日，日本东北部海域发生8.9级地震并引发可怕的海啸。

The Japan earthquake and tsunami also led to a crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, which leaked radioactive material into the surrounding region. The accident is now regarded as the largest nuclear disaster since the Chernobyl incident in 1986.

日本地震和海啸导致福岛第一核电站发生泄漏事故，放射性物质泄漏到周边地区。这是自1986年切尔诺贝利核事故之后世界上最严重的核灾难。

Area 51 Spy Plane Revealed

51号区间谍飞机曝光

Suspended upside down, a titanium A-12 spy-plane prototype is prepped for radar testing at Area 51 in the late 1950s.

上世纪50年代晚期，神秘的美国51号区，一架钛材料A-12间谍飞机原型机准备接受雷达测试。

After a rash of declassifications, details of Cold War workings at the Nevada base, which to this day does not officially exist, are coming to light—including images of an A-12 crash and its cover-up pictured publicly for the first time in May.

经过一系列解密之后，内华达基地51号区在冷战期间的诸多细节最终大白于天下，其中包括5月公布的A-12侦察机坠机以及有关掩盖坠机事故真相的照片。这些照片此前从未对外公开过。

Nearly undetectable to radar, the A-12 could fly at 2,200 miles (3,540 kilometers) an hour—fast enough to cross the continental U.S. in 70 minutes. From 90,000 feet (27,400 meters), the plane's cameras could capture foot-long (0.3-meter-long) objects on the ground below. But pushing the limits came with risks—and led to the catastrophic 1963 crash of an A-12 based out of Area 51.

雷达几乎无法探测到A-12，其时速可达到2200英里(每小时3540公里)，足以在70分钟内横跨美国大陆。这种间谍飞机能够在9万英尺(2.74万米)的高度拍摄到地面上只有1英尺(30厘米)长的物体。但提升性能极限也不可避免地带来风险，1963年，一架A-12间谍飞机在51号区附近坠毁。

"Bodies" Underwater

墨西哥海底雕塑

A snorkeler swims over life-size statues near Cancún, Mexico, in a picture released in January.

2011年1月，在墨西哥坎昆附近拍摄的这张照片展现了一名潜泳者从真人大小的雕塑上方游过的景象。

Created by Mexico-based British sculptor Jason deCaires Taylor, the Caribbean installation is intended to eventually cover more than 4,520 square feet (420 square meters), which would make it "one of the largest and most ambitious underwater attractions in the world," according to a museum statement. In doing so, Taylor hopes Mexico's natural reefs, which are already stressed by marine pollution, warming waters, and overfishing, can catch a break from the approximately 750,000 tourists who visit the area each year.

这些真人大小的雕塑出自英国雕塑家詹森·德卡莱斯·泰勒之手，被安放在加勒比海海底，占地面积超过4520平方英尺(约合420平方米)。博物馆在一份声明中表示：“这是世界上规模最大同时最壮观的水下景观之一。”由于海洋污染，海水温度上升以及过度捕捞，墨西哥的珊瑚礁面临威胁。泰勒希望水下雕塑能够转移游客的视线，让他们将兴趣从珊瑚礁移到这些雕塑身上。据统计，每年有近75万游客游览当地的珊瑚礁。

Cyclops Shark

独眼鲨鱼

This extremely rare cyclops shark, found in Mexico, was confirmed by scientists in October. The 22-inch-long (56-centimeter-long) fetus has a single, functioning eye at the front of its head. The eye is a hallmark of a congenital condition called cyclopia, which occurs in several animal species, including humans.

10月在墨西哥发现的罕见独眼鲨鱼胎儿。这个胎儿身长22英寸(56厘米)，只有一只眼睛，长在头部前部。它患有一种名为“独眼畸形”的先天性疾病，很多动物都会出现独眼畸形，包括人类在内。

Scientists have documented cyclops-shark embryos a few times before, said Jim Gelsleichter, a shark biologist at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville. The fact that none have been caught outside the womb suggests cyclops sharks don't survive long in the wild.

杰克逊维尔北佛罗里达州大学研究鲨鱼的生物学家吉姆·格尔雷切特表示，科学家此前就曾多次发现独眼鲨鱼胎儿。但他们一直未能在母体外捕获独眼鲨鱼，说明这种鲨鱼无法在野外存活很久。

Fire and Flood in Japan

日本火灾洪水

Houses burn amid flood waters on March 11 after a magnitude 8.9 earthquake off the coast of Japan triggered a powerful tsunami.

3月11日，日本遭受8.9级大地震袭击并引发可怕海啸。灾难发生后，无数房屋被泡在洪水中，部分起火燃烧。

The earthquake—the strongest in Japan in 140 years—struck 81 miles (130 kilometers) off the coast of Sendai at 2:46 p.m. local time. A port city of about a million residents, Sendai was hit by tsunami waves up to 33 feet (10 meters) high.The earthquake and its aftershocks were felt as far away as Tokyo, about 250 miles (400 kilometers) from the epicenter.

当地时间下午2点46分，大地震袭击仙台沿海81英里(130公里)的海域。地震引发的海啸随即袭击这个大约100万人口的港口城市，海浪高度达到33英尺(10米)。这是日本140年来遭受的最大地震，距离震中大约250英里(400公里)的东京也感到震感和余震。

9/11 Anniversary

9·11十周年纪念

People on a New York City street scan pictures of the many police and fire personnel still missing in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

在纽约的一条街道，当地居民浏览警察和消防员的照片，2001年9月11日恐怖袭击后，他们就下落不明。

"I've heard from any number of survivors that they could tell by looking at firefighters' faces [the firefighters] knew how bad this was and that they might not get out," said Clifford Chanin, an executive at New York City's National 9/11 Memorial and Museum and editor of Memory Remains, a photographic book of 9/11 artifacts. "They knew what they were facing, and the heroism and courage [they showed] is just astonishing."

纽约国家9·11纪念馆/博物馆负责人、9·11文物照片集《残留的记忆》编辑克利福德·查宁表示：“所有幸存者都对我说，看着消防员脸上的表情，他们就知道情况有多糟，他们可能出不去了。他们清楚地知道自己面临着什么，在危险面前，他们表现出令人敬佩的勇气和英雄品质。”