美国香烟盒大变样 将用恐怖警示标识

Rotting teeth and gums. Diseased lungs. A sewn-up corpse of a smoker. Cigarette smoke coming out of the tracheotomyhole in a man's neck.

腐烂的牙齿和牙龈。病变的肺。吸烟者被缝合上的尸体。从男人脖子上的气管套管洞中飘出的烟。

Cigarette packs in the US will have to carry these macabreimages in nine new warning labels that are part of a campaign by the Food and Drug Administration to use fear and disgust to discourage Americans from lighting up.

这些恐怖的图像将出现在美国香烟盒的九种新警示标识上。美国食品和药品监督管理局想利用这种新警示标识让美国民众感到恐惧、恶心，从而让其放弃吸烟。这些新警示标识是美国药管局戒烟运动的一部分。

The labels, announced on Tuesday, represent the biggest change in cigarette packs in the US in 25 years.

这些警示标识是在周二发布的，是美国25年来在香烟盒上做的最大变动。

At a time when the drop in the nation's smoking rate has come to a standstill, the government is hoping the in-your-facelabels will go further than the current surgeon generalwarnings toward curbing tobacco use, which is responsible for about 443,000 deaths a year in the US.

在全国吸烟率停止下降的情况下，美国政府希望这种刺激眼球的警示标识能够比当前卫生局局长发出的控制烟草使用的警告更有效。吸烟每年造成美国44.3万人死亡。

"These labels are frank, honest and powerful depictions of the health risks of smoking," Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a statement.

美国卫生与公共服务部部长凯瑟琳 西贝利厄斯在一项声明中说：“这些警示标识直白、有力地描述了吸烟对于健康的危险。”

The FDA estimates the labels will cut the number of smokers by 213,000 in 2013, with smaller additional reductions through 2031.

美国药管局估计这些警示标识将让美国烟民数量在2013年减少21.3万，到2031年还会继续减少，尽管幅度不会那么大。

Other countries such as Canada and Uruguay have used graphic, even grisly, warnings for years, and various studies suggest they spur people to quit. But exactly how effective they are is a matter of debate, since the warnings are usually accompanied by other government efforts to stamp outsmoking.

有些国家，如加拿大和乌拉圭，数年来都在使用这种恐怖图像作为警示标识。多项研究表明这种警示标识会促使人们戒烟。但是具体而言这些警示标识的效果如何仍存在争议，因为在警示标识之外，通常还伴随着政府的其他戒烟措施。

"I think it's a great deterrentfor kids," said Kristen Polland, 24, of Prattville, Ala. "If you start there, you have won half of the battle."

来自阿拉巴马州普拉特维尔的24岁的克里丝藤 波兰德说：“我认为这对于孩子是一个很好的震慑手段。如果你从孩子抓起，仗就打赢了一半。”

　Rhonda Vanover, 43, of Cincinnati, on the other hand, said: "No one is going to stop me -- unless they make it illegal. Cigarettes get me through the day. They are part of my life."

来自辛辛那提市的43岁的荣达 凡诺维尔却说：“没有人可以阻止我，除非他们规定吸烟是违法的。有了香烟，我这一天才熬得过去。它们是我生活的一部分。”

The labels also include images of a smoker wearing an oxygen mask and a mother and baby with smoke swirling nearby. Some images are not graphic at all; one shows a man wearing an "I Quit" T-shirt.

这些警示标识还包含带着氧气面罩的吸烟者的图像，还有烟雾缭绕中的母亲和婴儿的图像。也有些警示标识不包含图像。有一个警示标识是一个男人身穿“我要戒烟”T恤。

The warnings will take up the entire top half — both front and back — of a pack of cigarettes. They must also appear in advertisements and constitute 20 percent of each ad. Cigarette makers will have to run all nine labels on a rotating basis. They have until the fall of 2017 to comply.

这些警示标识将被印在香烟盒的上半部分（正反面都如此）。它们还须占据香烟广告面积的20%。从2017年秋天开始，烟草生产商将必须轮流印制九种警示标识的香烟盒。