名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是 某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有:国家名称——China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France…;语言——Chinese, Japanese, English, French…;人名/地名—— Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai…由普通名词构成的专有名词——the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the People’s Hospital……。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
(1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:pen, student, desk, book, bike。
(2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family, class, people, school。
(3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air, water, paper。
(4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work, time, news。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
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