强化训练01 阅读理解(一)
(45分钟，100分)
A
People aren't walking any more－if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced－and beat－a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrahams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise－the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
1. What was life like when the author was young?
A. People usually went around on foot.
B. People often walked 25 miles a day.
C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.
D. People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship.
2. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that __________.
A. middleaged people like getting back to nature
B. walking in nature helps enrich one's mind
C. people need regular exercise to keep fit
D. going on foot prevents heart disease
3. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?
A. A queue of cars.
B. A ray of traffic light.
C. A flash of lightning.
D. A stream of people.
4. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?
A. To tell people to reflect more on life.
B. To recommend people to give up driving.
C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.
D. To encourage people to return to walking.
【语篇解读】 本文主要关于步行对于身体和心灵的益处。
1．解析：考查细节。由第三段第二、三句“At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship.”可知：过去我们走25英里，感到很好，从没有想过步行会是困难的，说明在作者年轻的时候，人们经常步行。
答案：A
2．解析：考查推断。由第五段第一句“It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot.”可知Henry Thoreau向我们展示了步行的好处，可以了解树、花、昆虫等等自然知识，可以丰富我们的生活。
答案：B
3．解析：考查推断。由划线所在句“to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road.”可知：对他们来说，他们生来的世界一切都是威胁，对他们来说，安全地方就是混凝土路上的汽车，可见“a steel river”指的是“车流”。
答案：A
4．解析：考查推断。人们都患上了一种通病：开车太多，很少步行。作者回忆了以前人们经常步行，步行有很多好处，作者鼓励人们走路，少开车。
答案：D
B
Now 16 years old, Kelsey has her cow－Iris, a 6yearold Jersey with a silky tan coat and soulful brown eyes. She also has established Fort Bantam Creamery, a onecow dairy based on a selfdesigned and profitable cowshare program.
Kelsey's Fort Banlam Creamery customers purchase a share of Iris for $15, and then pay a fee to Kelsey ($3.50 per half gallon of milk) to board, care for and milk that share of the cow. At $3. 50 per half gallon, Iris' milk is about double the cost of milk from grocery stores in the area, but no one is complaining. One of Iris' shareholders drives more than 100 miles round trip to get the milk, on top of paying a $15 ferry toll.
Kelsey had her own ideas for Iris' care. She says she wanted her cow to be grassfed because milk from grassfed cows is higher in carotene (胡萝卜素) and vitamin E than milk from grainfed cows. In part, that's because fresh grass has more of these nutrients than grain. Another factor behind the high nutrient content is that a grassfed cow produces less milk than a grainfed cow, and because any given cow has only a set amount of vitamins to transfer to her milk; the less milk she produces, the more vitamins are in each glass.
“One thing that people should know before they get a dairy cow，” Kelsey says, “is that they take a lot of your time.” Kelsey milks Iris by hand twice a day, 305 days a year. When Kelsey started, she says, it took her about 45 minutes to milk the cow; today, she gets the job done in less than half that time. Having a cow to milk every day also means little time off. “If you do go on vacation，” Kelsey says, “you have to get someone to do the milking for you, which is not as easy as getting a neighbor to watch your dog or cat. ” When she goes away, Kelsey is fortunate to have a cheesemaking friend, Charlene Osman, who gladly milks Iris in exchange for the milk.
1. Which of the following is TRUE according the passage?
A. The nutrient content of milk has little to do with the cow's food.
B. Now Kelsey does the milking as skillfully as Charlene Osman.
C. Charlene Osman can gain the milk without paying Kelsey a fee.
D. Jersey is a kid who wears a silk coat and has emotional eyes.
2. What does the underlined word “shareholders” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. People who pay Kelsey for partial ownership of Iris.
B. People who take care of Iris when Kelsey is away.
C. People who transport milk products for Kelsey.
D. People who govern Kelsey's sales of raw milk.
3. Which of the following best describes Kelsey?
A. Ambitious and committed.
B. Generous and fortunate.
C. Talented but indifferent.
D. Wealthy but coldhearted.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A 16YearOld Has a Little Milk Cow
B. A 16YearOld Runs a OneCow Dairy
C. A 16YearOld Feeds a Little Milk Cow
D. A 16YearOld Has Made a Great Fortune
【语篇解读】 本文主要关于16岁的凯尔西(Kelsey)经营一家特色牛奶场成功的故事。
1．解析：考查细节。由最后一段最后一句可知。由第三段第二句“She says she wanted her cow to be grassfed because milk from grassfed cows is higher in carotene(胡萝卜素)and vitamin E than milk from grainfed cows.”可知牛奶的营养与牛的食物有关排除A项。B、D项无信息点。
答案：C
2．解析：考查指代关系。由本段第一句中“share(股份)”可知凯尔西将自己的牛奶场折成股份，让消费者担当股东。
答案：A
3．解析：考查推断。A项意为“有决心和责任心的”。16岁的凯尔西经营一家有特色牛奶场，说明她有抱负，有理想；她的牛是野放，吃的是草，牛奶更有营养，说明她有责任心。
答案：A
4．解析：考查主旨。本文主要关于16岁的凯尔西(Kelsey)经营一家有特色牛奶场成功的故事。
答案：B
C
London's newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire (尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren't regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.
The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a fivestar hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.
Before building work began, a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.
Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.
The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.
1. London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of __________.
A. its cost B. its size
C. its shape
D. its height
2. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to __________.
A. change London's skyline
B. inherit London's tradition
C. imitate the Egyptian style
D. attract potential visitors
3. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard __________.
A. is only preferred by the rich
B. is far away from the poor area
C. is intended for wealthy people
D. is popular only with Londoners
4. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps
B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect
C. The Shard: New Symbol of London?
D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?
【语篇解读】 本文主要关于欧洲最高建筑the Shard。它的建造以及人们对它的不同看法。
1．解析：考查细节。由第二段第五、六、七句“So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard.”可以得知：这个建筑物外形奇特，就像碎玻璃片，所以得名the Shard, shard意为“碎片”。
答案：C
2．解析：考查细节。由第二段的倒数第二句“Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.”可知它的设计理念传承伦敦的传统风格。
答案：B
3．解析：考查细节。由倒数第二段第三句“Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel.”可知批评者认为Shard显示社会贫富差异，因为它是为富人设计的而不是普通人。
答案：C
4．解析：考查主旨。本文主要关于欧洲最高建筑the Shard，它的建筑所带来的争议：有人认为它传承了英国传统；但也有人提出相反的看法。
答案：D