强化训练05 阅读理解(五)
(45分钟，100分)
A
Recently, researchers have announced a breakthrough in the exploration of new energy－development of the first practical artificial leaf, an advanced solar cell that imitates the process, called photosynthesis(光合作用), that green plants use to make sunlight and water into energy.
“A practical artificial leaf has been a dream of scientists for decades，” said Daniel Nocera, who led the research team. “We believe we have made it. The artificial leaf shows particular promise as an inexpensive source of electricity for homes of the poor in developing countries.
One can imagine villages in India and Africa soon purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology. ”
The leaf is like the shape of a poker card but thinner. Placed in water in a bright sunlight, it could produce enough electricity to supply a house in a developing country with electricity for a day by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen, which are stored in a fuel cell to produce electricity.
The “artificial leaf” is not a new concept. The first artificial leaf was developed more than a decade ago by John Turner. However, it was impractical for wider use, as it was composed of rare, expensive metals and was highly unstable with a lifespan of barely one day.
Nocera's new leaf overcomes these problems.
It is made of inexpensive materials that are widely available, works under simple conditions and is highly stable. Laboratory studies showed that it could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.
The key to this breakthrough is Nocera's recent discovery of several new powerful,
inexpensive catalysts, which are able to accelerate the chemical reaction under simple conditions. Right now, Nocera's leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural leaf. Yet he is optimistic that he can boost the efficiency of the device much higher in the future.
1. Daniel Nocera describes his artificial leaf as promising in __________.
A. making an artificial plant that can feed itself
B. finding a new kind of catalyst to produce electricity
C. providing electricity for the poor family at a low cost
D. changing the sunlight and water into electricity directly
2. The underlined word “accelerate” in the last paragraph probably means __________.
A. reduce the loss of energy
B. speed up the process
C. work as a media to store collected energy
D. control the operation of chemical reactions
3. We can learn from the passage __________.
A. There was nobody who had an idea of the artificial leaf before.
B. Nocera's artificial leaf has advantages over Turner's in some ways.
C. The first artificial leaf was once widely put into use in many countries.
D. The new artificial leaf works well but can just keep operating only one day.
4. The passage is most probably from __________.
A. a science news report
B. a science fiction story
C. a fairy tale book
D. an advertisement for solar products
【语篇解读】 本文报道一则有关新型太阳能电池的资讯——“人造树叶”。
1．解析：考查细节。由第二段最后一句中“purchasing an affordable basic power system”信息可知：这种新型太阳能电池价廉物美，普通大众买得起。
答案：C
2．解析：考查猜词。最后一段是关于这种新型电池效能高，它能加速化学反应速度(speed up the process)。
答案：B
3．解析：考查推断。第四段主要讲叙John Turner的设计缺点，第五段主要讲叙Nocera设计克服了John Turn的缺点，所以Nocera有优点。
答案：C
4．解析：考查主旨。本文报道一则有关新型太阳能电池的资讯——“人造树叶”。
答案：A
B
The Brown Bear
My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly.
Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, “Dad! The bear is right behind us！” An aggressive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back－the sign (迹象) of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger.
I held my camera tripod (三脚架) in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long.
Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear.
The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break.
Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling (扭打) with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack－the first time I felt panic. Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.
I'm proud that my family remained clearheaded when panic could have led to a very different outcome.
1. The bear finally went away after it __________.
A. felt safe
B. got injured
C. found some food
D. took away the camera
2. The writer and his family survived mainly due to their __________.
A. pride
B. patience
C. calmness
D. cautiousness
3. When the bear moved back towards the forest, the family felt __________.
A. relieved
B. threatened
C. excited
D. puzzled
4. The whole text is mainly arranged in __________.
A. result and inference
B. cause and effect
C. space order
D. time order
【语篇解读】 本文描述了作者一家遇到熊，他如何保护家人，与熊搏斗。
1．解析：考查细节。由最后一段中倒数第三句“Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.”可知熊突然离开是因为它知道作者对它没有威胁，它感到安全。
答案：A
2．解析：考查推理。根据文章最后一句I'm proud that my family remained clearheaded when panic could have led to a very different outcome.我很自豪当熊袭击，我们的恐慌本可能导致不同的结果的时候，我的家人仍保持清醒的头脑。本句说明我的家人在遇见危险的时候都很镇定。故C正确。
答案：C
3．解析：考查推断。危险消失，家人自然感到心情放松，不再紧张。
答案：A
4．解析：考查写作顺序。本文为记叙文，作者一家被熊袭击的具体过程，是以时间先后为顺序的，所以选D项。
答案：D
C
What are American high schools like? Well, I'm happy to tell you what I know.
When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I'd known about it earlier.
Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school.
There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun.
Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbag everywhere.
It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活页夹) with paper in them.
Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively.
For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn.
Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students' morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.
I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good points from our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.
1. What was the writer sad for?
A. He was late for school.
B. He missed the trip at the beginning of school.
C. He didn't know anyone.
D. American students looked down upon him.
2. Why do students go to the basement of the teaching building?
A. To attend class.
B. To share a classroom.
C. To have fun.
D. To meet teachers.
3. How do teachers in the US teach the students?
A. However they want to.
B. They use bricks.
C. Some use textbooks; some teach freely.
D. They always teach as required.
4. According to the passage, in American high schools, __________.
A. you are likely to be kicked out if you cheat
B. you'll be punished if you do not finish your homework
C. students are better at school work than Chinese students
D. students care much about the grades they get
【语篇解读】 本文主要关于作者对美国学校的体验和一些学校特色。
1．解析：考查细节。由第二段最后三句“Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I'd known about it earlier.”可知作者为没能参加学前旅行而难过。
答案：B
2．解析：考查推断。由第四段第一句“There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other.”可推断学生在这里是为了娱乐。
答案：C
3．解析：考查细节。由第五段第二、三句“We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders (活页夹) with paper in them. ”可知：有的老师上课用书，有的不用。注：有的国家没有统一的教材，教师按照课程标准自己组织教材。
答案：C
4．解析：考查细节。由倒数第二段最后一句中“but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.”信息可知：如果你作弊或者撒谎，你将会被警告甚至有可能被撵出学校。
答案：A